CLASSIFIED WORD LIST | |||||||
The present systematization largely follows that of Rick Harrison's Universal Language Dictionary (ULD) | |||||||
(www.uld3.org/uld27/index.html) | |||||||
Abbreviations | |||||||
aj adjective | |||||||
av adverb | |||||||
pr preposition | |||||||
pn pronoun | |||||||
v verb | |||||||
English | Lingwa de Planeta | Русский | Deutsch | Esperanto | Novial | Nederlands | Sambahsa |
ADPOSITIONS | KONEKTI-PARTIKLA | ПРЕДЛОГИ | |||||
about
(pertaining to; on the topic of) [pr] |
om | про, о(б) | von | pri | pri | betreffende, over | de |
for (to benefit; destined for; for the purpose of) [pr] |
fo | для | für | por | por | voor, ten behoeve van | pro |
because of, due to [pr] | por | из-за, потому что | wegen | pro, kau~ze de | pro | wegens | ob |
by means of, via, per, with (using; through instrumentality of) [pr] |
bay | посредством | mit, mittels | per | per | door middel van, via, met behulp van |
med |
for (in exchange for) [pr] | pur | за, в обмен на | für, in austausch für | por, kontrau~ | po | voor | po |
of (owned by; belonging to; associated with; = genitive) [pr] |
de | von, [Genitiv] | de | de | van | os (is declined) | |
of (containing the measured quantity: "two liters of water") [pr] |
(de) | von | da | de | met | (nothing) | |
to, towards, at (moving toward) [pr] | a, versu | к, по направлению к | nach, zu | al | a, vers | naar, tot, tegen | kye |
in [pr] | in | в | in | en | in | in | in |
from [pr] | fon | от, из, с | von | de | fro | van | ud |
into, inwards [pr] | inu | в, внутрь | in... Hinein, ins Innere | enen | en | in , kyin | |
out of, outwards [pr] | aus | из, наружу | aus, von | el | ek | ex | |
inside, within [pr] | inen | внутри | innerhalb | ene | eni | ||
outside of, exterior to [pr] | ausen | снаружи | aussen | ekster | exter | buiten | exter |
above, over [pr] | sobre | над | ober, über | super | super | boven | super |
under, below, beneath [pr] | sub | под | unter, unten | sub | sub | onder | sub |
on (resting on; touching the top or other surface of) [pr] | on | на | auf | sur | sur | op | ep |
near, close to [pr] | bli | возле, около | bei, neben | proksime al | proxim | dichtbij, nabij | nieb ; claus |
around, encircling, surrounding [pr] | sirkum | вокруг, кругом | um | cxirkau~ | sirk | rondom, rond, om | (per)ambh |
at (in the same location as) [pr] | pa, she | у, при | bei, mit, um | cxe | che | ad, bi | |
through [pr] | tra | через | durch | tra | tra (across, through), trans (on the other side of) |
door | per |
before, in front of (spatially) [pr] |
bifoo | перед | vor | antau~ | devan | voor | ant |
behind, in back of, to the rear of [pr] |
baken | за, позади | hinter | malantau~ | hinter | achter | apter |
between, inter-[pr] | inter | между | zwischen | inter | inter | tussen, inter- | inter |
among, amidst [pr] | miden | среди, посреди | unter, mitten in | meze de | midu | ||
before, prior to, earlier than [pr] | bifoo | перед | bevor | antau~ | ante | voor [pr], eer {archaic} | pre |
after (later than; in the future of) [pr] |
afte | после | nach | post | after | na [pr] | pos |
during [pr] | duran | в течение | während | dum [pr/cj] | durant | gedurende, tijdens | unte |
instead of, rather than [pr] | inplas | вместо | dafür, anstatt | anstatau~ | insted | in plaats van | vice |
except for, apart from, excluding [pr] |
exepte | кроме, исключая |
ausser, abgesehen von | krom | exept | behalve, afgezien van | except, ploisko |
besides, in addition to | krome | помимо, сверх | ausser, zu... hinzu, überdies |
krom | krome | eti (adverb) | |
with (accompanied by) [pr] | kun | с, вместе с | mit | kun | kun | met | con |
without, with no ..., lacking [pr] | sin | без | ohne | sen | sin | zonder | aun |
OTHER FUNCTION WORDS | OTRE GRAMATIKE WORDA | ||||||
be
(intransitive predicative copula) [v] |
bi (bin, es, ve bi) | sein | esti | es | zijn | es | |
exist [v] | existi | существовать | existieren | ekzisti | exista | bestaan | exist |
become (begin to be; acquire the quality...) [v] |
fa- | становиться | werden | igxi | deveni | worden | bih |
cause (induce something to be/happen) [v] |
kausi | вызывать, причинять | verursachen | kau~zi | fika | veroorzaken | cause |
make, render (impart quality X to Y; e.g. "I make you happy") [v] | mah | cделать (каким-либо), привести в какое-либо состояние |
machen | igi | fika | maken | -eih (suffix) |
do, perform, engage in (specified activity) [v] |
zwo | делать | machen, tun | fari | fa | doen | kwehr |
have (possess / be furnished with) [v] |
hev | иметь | haben | havi, posedi | have | hebben, bezitten | hab |
there is, available | ye | есть, имеется | es gibt | estas | ter est | ||
there is no, not available | bu ye, yok | нет, не имеется | es gibt nicht [kein] | ne estas | ter ne est | ||
can (is/are able to ...) [aux v pres] |
mog | мочь | kann, könen | povas | pove | kunnen | ghehd |
should, ought to (is/are expected/advised to ...) [aux v pres] |
gai | следует, полагается | soll, sollen | devus | deve | dehlgiet, solliet | |
be necessary, require | treba | надо, нужно | brauchen | necesas, bezone | tehrb | ||
maybe, perhaps, possibly [av] | mogbi, shayad | может быть, наверно | vielleicht | eble | forsan, poves | misschien, mogelijk | maghses |
this (demonstrative) [pn] | se | это | das, dies | tio cxi | dise | tod | |
that (demonstrative) [pn] | to | то | das | tio | te, tum | dat | cid |
this (demonstrative) [aj/pn] | sey | этот | dieser | cxi tiu | disi | deze [masc/fem], dit [neut] |
tod |
that (demonstrative) [aj/pn] | toy | тот | jener | tiu | ti | cid (cio) | |
and, plus [cj] | e | и | und | kaj | e | en | ed |
but, however [cj] | bat | но | aber | sed | ma | maar | bet |
if (on condition that...; supposing that...) [cj] |
si | если | wenn | se | si | als, indien | sei |
or [cj] | o (oda) | или | oder | au~ | o | of | au |
that (e.g. "I know that you are right") [cj] |
ke | что (относит.) | dass | ke | ke | dat | od |
additionally, moreover [av] | yoshi | ещё, также, вдобавок | noch | plie, plue, ankorau~ | ankore | eti | |
also, additionally, too [av] | toshi | тоже | auch | ankau~ | anke | ook | yaschi |
here (in/to this place) [av] | hir, ahir | здесь, сюда | hier | cxi tie, cxi tien | hir, dislok | hier | her, hetro |
there (at/to that place) [av] | dar, adar | там, туда | da | tie, tien | dar, tilok | daar | ter, tetro |
apart, separately [av] | separem | отдельно | einzeln | aparte, dise | separatim | afzonderlijk, apart | seni, apart |
only, solely, exclusively [av] | sol | только | nur | sole, ekskluzive | solim | alleen | tik |
together [av] | pa hunta | вместе | miteinander, zusammen | kune | junktim | samen | com |
any (no particular one of) [aj] | eni | любой, какой бы то ни было |
jeder beliebige | ajna | irgi | enig, ieder | quodquid |
every, each [aj] | kada | каждый | jeder | cxiu | chaki | ieder, elk | cada ; ielg |
how? (in what manner?) [av] | komo | как | wie | kiel | quam | kam | |
when? (at what time?) [av] | wen | когда | wenn | kiam | quand | wanneer | quan(do) |
where? (at/to what place?) [av] | wo | где | wo | kie, kien | vor | waar | quer |
why? (for what reason?) [av] | way | почему | warum | kial | pro quo | waarom | ma |
like, similar to [cj] | kom | словно | wie | simila al | kom | zoals, als | kam |
than, compared to [cj] | kem | чем | als, im Vergleich zu | ol [cj] | kam | dan | quem |
not [av] | bu | не | nicht | ne | non | niet | ne |
PEOPLE | JEN | ЛЮДИ | |||||
person, human being | jen | человек | Person, Human, Mensch | homo | home | mens | anghen |
baby, infant | bebi | дитя | Kind, Baby | bebo | infante (-o, -a) | zuigeling | baby |
child | kinda | ребёнок | Kind | infano | kind | magv | |
boy | boy | мальчик | Junge | knabo | puero | jongen | pwarn |
girl | gela | девочка | Mädchen | knabino | puera | meisje | pieg |
man (adult male person) | man | мужчина | Mann | viro | homo | man | wir |
woman (adult female person) | gina | женщина | Frau | virino | homa, fema | vrouw | gwen(a) |
family | familia | семья | Familie | familio | familie | familie | familia |
father (dad) | patra (papa) | отец (папа) | Vater | patro | patro | vader | pater |
mother (mommy) | mata (mama) | мать (мама) | Mutter | patrino | matra | moeder | mater |
marriage (spousal relationship) | gama | супружество | Heirat | edzeco | mariteso | huwelijk | gham |
husband | gamiman | муж | Mann | edzo | marito | echtgenoot | mann |
wife | gamigina | жена | Frau | edzino | marita | vrouw | esor, gvibh |
son | son | сын | Sohn | filo | filio | zoon | son |
daughter | docha | дочь | Tochter | filino | filia | dochter | dugter |
brother | brata | брат | Bruder | frato | fratro | broer | brater |
sister | sista | сестра | Schwester | fratino | fratra | zuster | swes(ter) |
grandmother | oma | бабушка | Großmutter | avino | ava | grootmoeder | grandmater |
grandfather | opa | дедушка | Großvater | avo | avo | grootvader | grandpater |
grandchild | kinkinda | внук/внучка | Kindeskind | nepote | kleinkind | grandpurt | |
grandson | kinson | внук | Enkel | nepo | nepoto | kleinzoon | napter |
granddaughter | kindocha | внучка | Enkelin | nepino | nepota | kleindochter | naptrice |
chief, leader | shefa | начальник, шеф | Führer | estro | chefe | chef, hoofdman | chef |
king | rego | король | König | regxo | rego | koning | roy |
queen | regina | королева | Königin | regxino | rega | koningin | rayn |
president | presidenta | президент | Präsident | prezidento | presidante | president | president |
prime minister | shefminista | премьер-министр | Ministerpräsident | cxefministro | primi ministre (-o, -a) | minister-president | premier (minister) |
dictator, tyrant | diktator, tiran | диктатор, тиран | Diktator, Tyrann | diktatoro, tirano | tirane (-o, -a) | dictator | dictator, tyrann |
master, lord | masta | хозяин | Gebieter, Herr | majstro, lordo, mosxto | mastre (master), sinioro (lor | heer | mayster |
slave | gulam | раб | Sklav | sklavo | sklave (-o, -a) | slaaf | sclav |
soldier | soldata | солдат | Soldat | soldato | soldato | soldaat | soldat |
ambassador | dashi, sendijen | посол | Botschafter | ambasadoro, ambasedest | ambasadere | ambassadeur | ambassador |
member (of group/organization) | yuan | член (группы) | Mitglied | ano | membre | lid | member |
friend | amiga | друг | Freund | amiko | amike (-o, -a) | vriend | prient |
enemy | dushman | враг | Feind | malamiko | enemike | vijand | peind |
TITLES | LATIF ADRESING | ВЕЖЛИВЫЕ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ | |||||
Mister, Mr. | sinior | господин | Herr | sinjoro | sinioro | meneer | poti |
Mrs. | madam | госпожа | Frau | sinjorino | siniorina | Mevrouw | potnia |
Miss | mis | барышня | Fraülein | frau~lino | damsela | juffrouw | potnika |
GROUPINGS OF PEOPLE | JEN GRUPA | ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ | |||||
people
(any group as a whole), folk |
jenta | люди | Leute, Menschen | homoj | homes | lieden | leuds |
club, society (voluntary association re: a common interest) |
kluba | клуб | Klub | klubo, asocio | klube | club, vereniging | club |
committee (group appointed to do a task) |
komitee | комитет | Ausschuss, Komitee | komitato | komite | comite | comitee |
community (individuals sharing space / culture) |
komunitaa | сообщество | Gemeinshaft, Gemeinde | komunumo | gemeenschap, bevolkingsgroep |
communitat | |
culture (the customs and beliefs of a people) |
kultura | культура | Kultur | kulturo | kulture | cultuur | culture |
individual (one considered separately from one's species) |
individu | индивид | Individuum | unuopulo, individuo | individu | individu | individu |
kin, clan | genta | род, этническая общность |
Gens | gento | genti | ||
public | publika | публика | Publikum | publiko | publikum | publiek | public |
the people (as in People's Republic) |
jenmin | народ | Volk | popolo | popule | volk | folk ; popule |
race (group of people with similar characteristics) |
rasa | раса | Rasse | raso | rase | ras | race |
team, crew, squad | tim | команда, группа | Mannschaft, Team | teamo | ploeg, groep, team | swoin | |
BODY PARTS, SUBSTANCES | KORPA | ТЕЛО | |||||
abdomen | duza | живот | Unterleib | abdomeno | abdomene | buik | abdomen |
anus | anus | анус | After | anuso | anus | anus, pehzd | |
arm (shoulder to hand) | braka | рука (до кисти) | Arm | brako | brakie {1928 version}, brase {1930 version} |
arm | brakh |
back (dorsal area) | bey | спина | Rücken | dorso | dorse | rug | regv |
beard | barba | борода | Bart | barbo | barbe | baard | berd |
blood | hema | кровь | Blut | sango | sange | bloed | sehrg |
body | korpa | тело | Körper | korpo | korpore | lichaam | corp(o)s |
bone | osta | кость | Knochen, Bein | osto | ose | bot | ost |
brain | brein | мозг | Hirn | cerbo | serebre | hersenen | kers |
breast, mammary | mam | грудь (женская) | Busen | mamo | mame | borst | pizd |
buttocks | popa | зад, ягодицы | Hinterbacken [plur] | gluteoj | kule | bil | cloins |
cheek (side of face below eye) | wanga | щека | Backe | vango | vange | wang | gian |
chest (upper front of torso) | sina | грудь | Brust | brusto | pektore, bruste | borst | pect |
chin | chibuk | подбородок | Kinn | mentono | mentone | kin | mantu |
ear | aur | ухо | Ohr | orelo | orele | oor | aur |
egg | ovo | яйцо | Ei | ovo | ove | ei | oiv |
eye | oko | глаз | Auge | okulo | okule | oog | ok |
eyelid | palak | веко | Lid | palpebro | ooglid | (ok)lid | |
face | fas | лицо | Gesicht | vizagxo | fasie | gezicht | lige, face |
feather | pluma | перо | Feder | plumo | plume | veer | ptor |
feces, dung, excrement | fek | кал, экскременты | Mist, Dung | fekajxo | feke | ontlasting, faeces | kakwrnt |
fetus (foetus), embryo | embrio | зародыш | Leibesfrucht | feto, embrio | fete, embrio | foetus | embryo |
finger | finga | палец | Finger | fingro | fingre | vinger | fingher |
fist | kulak | кулак | Faust | pugno | pugne | vuist | peungst |
foot (on which something stands) | peda | стопа | Fuss | piedo | pede | voet | ped |
forehead | frenta | лоб | Stirn | frunto | fronte | voorhoofd | chol, bruwent |
gene | gen | ген | Gen | geno | gen | gene | |
hair (a strand of fibrous material growing from the body) |
mao | шерсть | Haar | haro | pile | haar | drigh |
hair (the hairs atop one's head thought of as a collective entity) |
har | волосы (на голове) | Haare | hararo | hare | haar | kays |
hand | handa | кисть руки | Hand | mano | manu | hand | hand |
head | kapa | голова | Kopf | kapo | kape | hoofd | cap |
heart (coronary muscle) | kordia | сердце | Herz | koro | kordie | hart | kerd |
heel | topuk | пятка | Ferse | kalkano | talone | hiel | |
hip | бедро | Schenkel | kokso | hanche | dij | hank | |
horn (bone-like growth from animal's head) |
korna | рог | Horn | korno | korne | hoorn | horn |
intestines, gut(s), viscera | antra, antratot | кишка, кишечник | Darm, Gedärme | intesto, intestaro | intestines | ingewanden | inster |
iris (of eye) | iris | радужка | Iris | iriso | iris | iris | iris |
jaw | jabra | челюсть | Kiefer | makzelo | kakement | ghyanu | |
kidney | nefra | почка (орган) | Niere | reno | rene | nier | nugver |
knee | genu | колено | Knie | genuo | genu | knie | genu |
leg | gamba | нога | Bein | kruro, gambo | gambe | been | jamb |
lip | laba | губа | Lippe | lipo | labie | lip | lip |
liver | hepata | печень | Leber | hepato | lever | lyekwrnt | |
lung | pulmon | лёгкое | Lunge | pulmo | lung | long | pulmon, lyung |
meat, flesh | masu | мясо, плоть | Fleisch | karno | karne | vlees | miems |
mouth | muh | рот | Mund | busxo | boke | mond | stohm |
muscle | muskula | мускул | Muskel | muskolo | muskle | spier | muscle |
nail (fingernail) | naka | ноготь, коготь | Nagel | ungo | ungle | nagel | onkh |
navel | nabla | пуп | Nabel | umbiliko | nable | navel | nabh |
neck | galsa | шея | Hals | kolo, nuko | kole | nek | coll |
nerve | nerva | нерв | Nerv | nervo | nerve | zenuw | nerv |
nose | nos | нос | Nase | nazo | nase | neus | nas |
organ (of body) | organ | орган | Organ | organo | organe | orgaan | organ, mems |
palm (of hand) | pama | ладонь | Handfläche | manplato | palme | handpalm | pam |
penis | penis | пенис | Penis | peniso | penis | penis | |
shell | shel | раковина, скорлупа | Schale | sxelo, konko | shele | dop | kiaut; squam |
shoulder | plecha | плечо | Schulter | sxultro | shultre | schouder | oms |
skeleton | skelet | скелет | Gerippe | skeleto, ostaro | skelete | skelet | skeletum |
skin | derma | кожа | Haut | hau~to | pele | huid | cuit |
spine, backbone | spina | позвоночник | Wirbelsäule | spino, vertebraro | spine | ruggegraat | spina |
stomach | stomak | желудок | Magen | stomako | stomake | maag | stomak |
sweat, perspiration | sudor | пот | Schweiss | sxvito | sudore | zweet | swoid |
tail | kauda | хвост | Schwanz | vosto | kaude | staart | swayp |
tear(drop(s)) | larma | слеза | Träne | larmo(j) | lakrime | traan | dakru |
testicle | testikla | яичко | Hode | testiko | testikle | teelbal, bal | orghi |
throat | gorla | горло | Kehle | gorgxo | guture | keel | gurgule |
thumb | granfinga | большой палец | Daumen | dikfingro, *polekso | puse | duim | pallex |
toe | pedafinga | палец ноги | Zehe | piedfingro | pedefingre | teen | doik |
tongue (body-part) | lisan | язык | Zunge | lango | lange, tunge | tong | lingua, dingw |
tooth | denta | зуб | Zahn | dento | dente | tand | dent |
urine | urina | моча | Harn, Urin | urino | urine | urine | urine |
vagina | vagina | вагина | Scheide | vagino | vagina | wagin | |
vein, blood vessel | vena | вена | Vene | vejno | veine | ader | darz |
waist | talia | талия | Taille | talio | talie | middel, taille | lendv |
wing (of bird etc.) | ala | крыло | Flügel | flugilo | ale | vleugel | pterg |
wound | wunda | рана | Wunde | vundo | vunde | wond | vurnos |
wrist | polsa | запястье | Handgelenk | manartiko, manradiko | pols | runc | |
berry (small pulpy fruit) | beri | ягода | Beere | bero | bere | bes | ber |
bud (of flower/leaf) | yema | почка | Keim | burgxono | burjone | knop, kiem | spreug |
flower | flor | цветок | Blume | floro | flore | bloem | flor |
fruit | fruta | фрукт | Frucht | frukto | frukte | vrucht | fruit |
leaf | lif | лист | Blatt | folio | folie | blad | fel (phel) |
nut (hard-shelled fruit/seed with separable shell and kernel) |
nuta | орех | Nuss | nukso | nutete | noot | nuce |
pod (seed pod) | стручок | Hülse | semujo | dop | clob | ||
root (of a plant) | riza | корень | Wurzel | radiko | radike | wortel | raudh |
seed | semena | семя | Samen | semo | seme | zaad | semen |
sprout (young shoot of plant) | ankur | побег, росток | Spross | sproso, sxoso | spruitje | ankul | |
MISC. BODY TERMS | |||||||
alive [aj] | jiva-ney | живой | lebendig | viva, vivanta | vivant | levend | gwiv |
dead [aj] | morta-ney | мёрвый | tot | morta, mortinta | morit | dood | mohrt |
birth | janma | рождение | Geburt | nasko, naskigxo | nasko | geboorte | gnahsa |
mature, adult | mature | зрелый | reif | matura | matur(i) | rijp | matur |
healthy [aj] | sane | здоровый | gesund | sana | san(i) | gezond | saun |
disease, illness, sickness | morba | болезнь | Krankheit | malsano | maladeso | ziekte | siuge |
fat, obese, plump [aj] | grose | толстый, жирный | dick, fett | grasa | korpulent(i) | vet | piwon |
sex, gender | sexu | пол, род | Geschecht | sekso | sexu | geslacht | sexe |
female [aj] | femina-ney | женский | weiblich | virina, ina | femal, feminini | vrouwelijk | ster |
male [aj] | maskul-ney | мужской | männlich | vira | maskulin(i) | mannelijk | ner |
neuter (neither male nor female) | sinsexu-ney, neutrale | бесполый, нейтральный | geschechtslos | neu~tra | neutri | onzijdig | neutral |
sense (ability to perceive a given kind of stimuli) |
sens | чувство (способность) | Sinn | senso | sensu | zintuigen | sense |
pain | tunga | боль | Pein | doloro | dolore | pijn | gvol |
pleasure | plesir | удовольствие | Vergnügen | plezuro | plesire | plezier | plaisure |
tired, weary [aj] | fatigi-ney | усталый | müde | laca | fatigat(i) | moe | strak |
refreshed, zesty, perky [aj] | vije | бодрый | erfrishend | mallaca, vigla | fris, verfrist | ||
sleep [v] | somni | спать | schlafen | dormi [vi] | dormi | slapen | swehp |
awake [aj] | jagi-she | бодрствующий | wach | maldormanta | wakker | sbud(-t/-en) | |
fever | febra | лихорадка | Fieber | febro | febre | koorts | feber |
BODILY ACTIONS | KORPA-AKTA | ТЕЛЕСНЫЕ ДЕЙСТВИЯ | |||||
bite [v] | kusi | кусать | beissen | mordi [vt] | morda | bijten | dehnk |
breathe [v] | spiri | дышать | atmen | spiri [vt] | spira | ademen | anem |
catch (stop the motion of and seize in the hands) [v] |
kapti | хватать | fangen | kapti [vt] | kapta | vangen | kap |
climb [v] | klimbi | лезть | ersteigen | grimpi | klima | klimmen | glehm |
copulate, have sex (with) [v] | koiti | совокупляться | sich paaren | koiti [vi], fiki [vt] | paren, neuken {slang}, wippen {slang} |
yehbh | |
crawl [v] | kripi | ползти | kriechen | rampi [vt] | repta | kruipen | remep |
cry out, shout, yell [v] | krai | кричать | schreien | krii [vt] | klama | roepen, schreeuwen | crie |
cry, weep [v] | plaki | плакать | weinen | plori [vi] | plora | huilen | plang |
dance [v] | dansi | танцевать | tanzen | danci [vi] | dansa | dansen | dans |
die [v] | morti | умирать | sterben | morti [vi] | mori | sterven, doodgaan | mehr |
drink [v] | pi | пить | trinken | trinki [vt] | drinka | drinken | poh |
drown (die/kill via immersion) [v] | droni | тонуть | ertränken [vt], ertrinken [vi] | droni [vi] | drona [vt], bli drona | verdrinken | khark |
eat [v] | chi | есть, кушать | essen | mangxi [vt] | manja | eten | edd |
feel (perceive with senses) [v] | sensi | ощущать | fühlen | sensi [vt] | senti {?} | voelen | sense, kheiss |
feel (emotions) [v] | senti | чувствовать | fühlen | senti [vt] | senteih, kheiss | ||
gesture [v] | jesti | жестикулировать | Gesten machen | gesti [vi] | gesta | gebaren | motion |
hold, grasp [v] | teni | держать | halten | teni [vt] | tena | houden, vasthouden | dehrj |
hunt, pursue (with intent to capture and/or devour) [v] |
shikari, goni | гнаться, преследовать, охотиться |
jagen | cxasi [vt] | chasa | jagen | yagh |
jump, leap [v] | salti | прыгать | springen | salti [vi] | salta | springen | skand |
kick [v] | kiki | пинать | stossen, treten | piedbati [vt] | schoppen, trappen | kalc | |
kill [v] | kili | убивать | töten | mortigi [vt] | tua | doden | xehn, neic |
kiss [v] | kisi | целовать | küssen | kisi [vt] | basia | kussen | kou |
laugh [v] | ridi | смеяться | lachen | ridi [vi] | rida | lachen | gleih |
lie (recline horizontally) [v] | lagi | лежать | liegen | kusxi [vi] | lia | liggen | lyehg |
live (be alive) [v] | jivi | жить | leben | vivi [vi] | viva | leven | gwiv |
run [v] | lopi | бежать | laufen | kuri [vi] | kurse | lopen | curr, drah |
shave [v] | rasi | бриться | sich rasieren | razi [vt] | rasa | zich scheren | xeur |
sit (be in a sitting position) [v] | sidi | сидеть | sitzen | sidi [vi] | sida | zitten | sedd |
smile [v] | smaili | улыбаться | lächeln | rideti [vi] | rideta | glimlachen | smeih |
sneeze [v] | chihi | чихать | niesen | terni [vi] | sternuta | niezen | sternue |
spit [v] | spuki | плевать | spucken | kracxi [vt] | sputa | spuwen, spugen | spieu |
squat [v] | kokori | сидеть на корточках | hocken | kau~ri [vi] | hurken | hock | |
stand [v] | stan | стоять | stehen | stari [vi] | stea | staan | stah |
swallow [v] | gloti | глотать | schlucken | gluti [vt] | gluta | inzwelgen, slikken | sorb |
swim [v] | swimi | плавать | schwimmen | nagxi [vi] | svima | zwemmen | snah |
taste (perceive the flavor of) [v] | gusti | пробовать (на вкус) | schmecken | gustumi [vt] | gusta | smaken, proeven | geus |
throw, toss [v] | lansi | бросать | werfen | jxeti [vt] | jeta | werpen, gooien | xeubh |
touch [v] | tachi | трогать | berühren | tusxi [vt] | tucha | raken, aanraken | touche |
vomit [v] | vomi | блевать | sich erbrechen | vomi [vt] | vomi | braken, overgeven, kots | vomeih |
walk [v] | pedi | идти пешком | zu Fuss gehen | piediri, promeni [vi] | marcha | lopen, wandelen | ghang |
wrestle [v] | luchi | бороться (спорт) | ringen | lukti [vi] | lukta | worstelen | vreikst |
ANIMAL SPECIES AND TYPES | ANIMAL | ЖИВОТНЫЕ | |||||
animal (non-vegetable creature) | animal | животное | Tier | besto, animalo | animal | dier | animal |
ant (insect of family Formicidae) | furmi | муравей | Ameise | formiko | formike | mier | murm |
bear (animal of Ursidae family) | ber | медведь | Bär | urso | urse (-o, -a) | beer | urx |
bee (member of genus Apis) | mifen | пчела | Biene | abelo | abele | bij | bey |
bird (egg-laying feathered animal with wings) |
faula | птица | Vogel | birdo | fogle | vogel | av |
butterfly | parpar | бабочка | Schmetterling | papilio | papilione | vlinder | pelpel |
cat (Felis catus) | kota | кот | Katze | kato | kate (-o, -a) | kat | cat |
cock, hen, chicken | koko, kokina, kokkin | петух, курица, цыплёнок | Hahn, Huhn, Küken | koko, kokino, kokido | hane | kip | gall, hen, kierk |
cockroach (insect of order Blattaria) |
kukaracha | таракан | Schabe | blato | blate | kakkerlak | tarakan |
cow/bull, cattle (bovine animal of either sex) |
gova | корова/бык | Vieh | bovo | bove | vee (= cattle), koe (= cow), stier (= bull) |
gwow |
deer (animal of family Cervidae) | hiran | олень | Hirsch | cervo | hert | kerv | |
dog (Canis familiaris) | doga | собака | Hund | hundo | hunde | hond | kwaun |
donkey, ass (Equus asinus) | asla | осёл | Esel | azeno | asne | ezel | asel |
dragon (winged serpent with crested head and large claws) |
dragon, lung (Chinese) | дракон | Drache | drako | dragone | draak | dragon |
fish | fish | рыба | Fisch | fisxo | fishe | visch | pisk |
fly (small winged insect) | moska | муха | Fliege | musxo | mushe | vlieg | musch |
fox (member of genus Vulpes) | foxa | лиса | Fuchs | vulpo | foxe (-o, -a) | vos | vulp(ek) |
frog (web-footed tailless leaping amphibian) |
bakak | лягушка | Frosch | rano | rane | kikker | batrac |
toad | sapa | жаба | Kröte | bufo | geit | greud | |
goat (animal of genus Capra) | bakra | козёл | Ziege | kapro | kapre (-o, -a) | ayg | |
grasshopper | saltijuk | кузнечик | Grashüpfer | akrido, lokusto | lokuste | sprinkhaan | tramstei |
horse (Equus caballus) | kaval | лошадь | Pferd | cxevalo | kavale (-o, -a) | paard | ekw, cavall |
insect | insekta | насекомое | Insekt | insekto | insekte | insekt | insect |
lion (Felis leo) | leon | лев | Löwe | leono | leone (-o, -a) | leeuw | lion |
lizard | lizarda | ящерица | Eidechse | lacerto | hagedis | sinsar | |
lobster | langusta | омар | Hummer | omaro | homarde | kreeft | astak |
mammal | mamianimal | млекопитающее | Säugetier | mamulo | mamifere | zoogdier | mammifer |
mantis (insect of order Manteodea) |
preijuk | богомол | manto | bidsprinkhaan | mantis | ||
monkey, small primate | maimun | обезьяна | Affe | simio | simie (-o, -a) | aap | maymoun |
mosquito | moskita | москит, комар | Moskito | moskito | moskito | mug, muskiet | moskitt |
mouse | maus | мышь | Maus | muso | muse (-o, -a) | muis | mus |
pig, swine (omnivorous mammal of family Suidae) |
swina | свинья | Schwein | porko | porke (-o, -a) | varken, zwijn | swin |
rabbit (animal of family Leporidae) | kunila | кролик | Kaninchen | kuniklo (hare = "leporo") | lepore (-o, -a) | konijn | cuincule |
reptile | reptila | рептилия | Kriechtier | reptilio | reptere | kruipend dier, reptiel | reptil |
sheep (Ovis aries) | yan | овца | Schaf | sxafo | mutone (-o, -a) | schaap | ow |
snake, serpent (reptile of sub- order Serpentes or Ophidia) |
serpenta | змея | Schlange | serpento | serpente | slang | serpent |
spider, arachnid | spaida | паук | Spinne | araneo | arane | spin | arank |
squirrel (rodent of family Sciuridae) |
belka | белка | Eichhörnchen | sciuro | squirele | eekhoorn | vever |
tiger (Felis tigris) | tigra | тигр | Tiger | tigro | tigre (-o, -a) | tijger | tigher |
turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) | kalkun | индюк | Truthahn | meleagro | dinde (-o, -a) | kalkoen | kalkoun |
turtle (reptile of order Testudinata) |
tortuga | черепаха | Schildkröte | testudo | tortuge | schildpad | ghelon |
virus | virus | вирус | Virus | viruso | virus | virus | virus |
whale (large marine mammal of order Cetacea) |
balena | кит | Wal | baleno | balene | walvisch | kiet, baleina |
wolf (Canis lupus) | wulfa | волк | Wolf | lupo | volf | wolf | wolf |
worm | wurma | червь | Wurm | vermo | verme | worm | vehrm |
PLANT SPECIES AND TYPES | PLANTA | РАСТЕНИЯ | |||||
apple (tree/fruit of genus Malus) | yabla | яблоко | Apfel | pomo | pome | appel | appel |
bamboo (plant/stem of genera Bam | bambu | бамбук | Bambus | bambuo | bambu | bamboe | bambu |
banana (plant/fruit of genus Musa) | banan | банан | Banane | banano | banane | banaan | banane |
bean (lima/snap/etc.: plant/seed of g | bona | боб | Bohne | fazeolo | fabe | boon | fassol |
cabbage (plant/leaves of sp. Brassi | kol | капуста | Kohl | brasiko | kaule | kool | kaupust |
carrot (plant/root of sp. Daucus caro | karota | морковь | Karotte | karoto | karote | peen | mork |
chestnut | kastana | каштан | Kastanie, Marone | kasxtano | castan | ||
coffee (plant/seeds of sp. Coffea ar | kahwa | кофе | Kaffee | kafo | kafe | koffie | kawa |
cork (tree/elastic tissue of sp. Querc | korka | пробка | Kork | korko | korke | kurk | fillon (corc) |
corn, maize (plant/seeds of sp. Zea | mais | кукуруза | Mais | maizo | maise | maпs | mays |
cotton (plant/fibers of genus Gossyp | koton | хлопок | Watte | kotono | kotone | katoen | coton |
cucumber (Cucumis sativus) | gurka | огурец | Gurke | kukumo | kukumbre | komkommer | gurk |
date (tree/fruit of sp. Phoenix dactylif | tamra | финик | Dattel | daktilo | datele | dadel(palm) | khurma |
fig (tree/fruit of genus Ficus) | figa | инжир, фига | Feige | figo | fige | vijg | smauk |
flax (Linum usitatissimum) | lin | лён | Lein | lino | line | vlas | lin |
garlic (herb of sp. Allium sativum) | saum | чеснок | Knoblauch | ajlo | alie | knoflook | kerem |
ginger (plant/rhizome of genus Zingi | jinja | имбирь | Ingwer | zingibro | gember | zingimber | |
ginseng (plant/root of genus Panax) | rensheng | женьшень | Ginseng | ginsengo | ginseng | ginseng | |
gourd (plant/hard-rinded fruit of gen | nangwa | тыква | Kürbis | kukurbo | gurde | kalebas, pompoen | labu |
grape (plant/fruit of genus Vitis) | vin | виноград | Wein(traube) | vinbero | druif | vinber | |
grass (monocotyledonous plant of fa | herba | трава | Gras | herbo, graminoj | gasone | gras | grass, trav |
hemp, marijuana (plant/material of s | kanapa | конопля | Hanf | kanabo | kanabe | hennep | kanep |
kelp (seaweed of orders Laminarial | alga | водоросль | Kelp, Seetang, Fingertang, | fuko | zeewier | kelp | |
lentil (plant/seeds of sp. Lens culinar | чечевица | Linse | lento | lense | linze | linse | |
lettuce (plant/leaves of genus Lactuc | salat | салат | Salat | laktuko | latuge | sla | maroul |
mandarin, tangerine (tree/fruit of sp. | mandarin | мандарин | Mandarine | mandarino | mandarine | mandarijn(tje) | mandarin |
melon | melon | дыня | Melone | melono | melon | ||
mint (plant of family Labiatae) | minta | мята | Minze | mento | munt | mint | |
mushroom (a complex aerial fleshy f | funga | гриб | Pilz | fungo | funge, champinione | paddestoel | baung |
mustard (plant of sp. Brassica hirta / | mostarda | горчица | Senf | mustardo | mustarde | mosterd | sinep |
oak (tree of genus Quercus) | kwerka | дуб | Eiche | kverko | querke | eik | peurk, aig |
oat (plant/seed of genus Avena) | yanmay | овёс | Hafer | aveno | avene | haver | avsen, koper |
olive (tree/fruit of sp. Olea europaea | oliva | олива | Olive | olivo | olive | olijf | zaytoun, olive |
onion (plant/bulb of sp. Allium sepa) | luk | лук | Zwiebel | cepo | onione | ui | cepel |
orange (tree/fruit of Citrus sinensis / | oranja | апельсин | Orange | orangxo | oranje | sinaasappel | burtukal ; orange |
pea (plant/seed of sp. Pisum sativu | pwa | горох | Erbse | pizo | pise | erwt | ergv |
peanut (plant/seed/pod of sp. Arachi | ardanuta | арахис | Erdnuss | arakido | arake {?} | pinda | kalchang |
pepper (hot/sweet/bell pepper -- pla | paprika | сладкий перец | Paprika | kapsiko | (cayenne)peper | paprika | |
pepper (black -- plant/seed of sp. Pi | pepa | перец | Pfeffer | pipro | pipre | peper | piper |
pine (coniferous tree of genus Pinus | pina | сосна | Kiefer | pino | pine | pijnboom | puik |
plum (certain trees/fruits of genus Pr | sliva | слива | Pflaume | pruno | prune | pruim | prun |
potato (plant/tuber of sp. Solanum tu | patata | картофель | Kartoffel | terpomo | potate | aardappel | kartoffel, patat |
rice (plant/seed of sp. Oryza sativa) | ris | рис | Reis | rizo | rise | rijst | ris |
rose (plant/flower of genus Rosa) | rosa | роза | Rose | rozo | rose | roos | rose |
rye | rogen | рожь | Roggen | sekalo | rog | ||
sesame (plant/seed of genus Sesa | sesam | кунжут, сезам | Sesam(samen) | sezamo | sesam | sussam | |
soya, soybean (plant/seed of sp. Gly | soya | соя | Sojabohne | sojo | soja(boon) | soya | |
spinach (plant/leaves of sp. Spinaci | spinata | шпинат | Spinat | spinaco | spinate | spinazie | spinak |
sunflower (plant/bloom of sp. Heliant | suryaflor | подсолнечник | Sonnenblume | sunfloro, helianto | zonnebloem | solflor | |
tea (plant/leaves of sp. Camellia sin | chay | чай | Tee | teo | tee | thee | chay |
tobacco (plant/leaves of sp. Nicotian | tabak | табак | Tabak | tabako | tabake | tabak | tabak |
tomato (plant/berry of genus Lycope | tomata | помидор | Tomate | tomato | tomate | tomaat | tomat |
watermelon | karpus | арбуз | Wassermelone | akvomelono | karbouz | ||
wheat (plant/seed of sp. Triticum ae | wit | пшеница | Weizen | tritiko | frument | tarwe | kwoid, traigv |
bush, shrub | bush | куст | Busch | arbusto, arbedo | arbuste | struik | busk |
garden | garden | сад | Garten | gxardeno | gardene | tuin | garden |
grain(s), cereal crop(s) and their se | gren, sereal | зерно | Getreide, Korn | greno, cerealo | grane | koren, granen | iev, arwrn, cereal,sits |
harvest, reap [v] | rekoli | собирать урожай | ernten | rikolti [vt] | rekolta | oogsten | opsen |
plant (a vegetable life-form) | planta | растение | Pflanze | plantajxo, vegetalo | plante | plant | plante |
tree | baum | дерево | Baum | arbo | arbre | boom | dru |
NATURAL WORLD | NATURA | ПРИРОДА | |||||
bay (small body of water offset from lake or sea) | baya | бухта | Bucht | golfo | baye | baai | bukht, bai |
bank | sahil | берег | Ufer | bordo | rive | ouper | |
beach, shore | playa | пляж | Strand | strando, plagxo | plaje | strand | plaj |
cave | guha | пещера | Höhle | kaverno, groto | kaverne | hol, grot | balm(a) |
cliff | утёс | Klippe | krutajxo, klifo | klife | rotswand | behrg | |
cloud | badal | облако | Wolke | nubo | nube | wolk | nebh |
desert | sahra | пустыня | Wüste | dezerto | desertu(m) | woestijn | desert |
earth (terra firma contrasted with sea and heaven) |
arda | земля | Erde | tero | tere | aarde | ardh |
earthquake | sisma | землетрясение | Erdbeben | tertremo | tremblo de tere {?} | aardbeving | ginschien |
eclipse | eklipsa | затмение (астрон.) | Verfinsterung | eklipso | eklipse | verduistering, eclips | eclipse |
field (unbroken expanse of land) | agra | поле | Feld | kampo | agre | veld | pold (agher is « cultivat |
flood, deluge | inunda | наводнение | Flut | inundo | diluvie | overstroming | saylab |
fog | tuman | туман | Nebel | nebulo | neble | mist | nebule |
forest | shulin | лес | Wald | arbaro, forsto | foreste | bos, bosch | forest, sylve |
hail | aispluva | град | Hagel | hajlo | grele | hagel | grandwn |
hill (smaller than a mountain) | kolina | холм | Hügel | monteto | koline, montete | heuvel | clin |
hoarfrost, rime | frima | иней, изморозь | Reif | prujno | frime | pruswa | |
island | isla | остров | Insel | insulo | isle | eiland | insule |
lake | lak | озеро | See | lago | lago | meer | lak |
lightning | bliza | молния | Blitz | fulmo | fulmine | bliksem | blix |
moon (natural satellite of a planet) |
luna | луна | Mond | luno | lune | maan | meun |
mountain | monta | гора | Berg | monto | monte | berg | ghyor(a) |
nature (that which occurs spontaneously; the non-artificial world) |
natura | природа | Natur | naturo | nature | natuur | nature |
planet | planeta | планета | Planet | planedo | planete | planeet | planete |
rain | pluva | дождь | Regen | pluvo | pluve | regen | seuy |
rainbow | raduga | радуга | Regenbogen | cxielarko | pluve-arko | regenboog | deuspont |
river | riva | река | Fluss | rivero | fluvie | rivier | sreumen |
sea, ocean | mar, osean | море, океан | Meer, Ozean | maro, oceano | mare, oseane | zee, oceaan | mar, ocean |
sky | skay | небо | Himmel | cxielo | siele | lucht, hemel | waurn |
snow | snega | снег | Schnee | negxo | nive | sneeuw | sneigv |
star | stara | звезда | Stern | stelo | stele | ster | star |
storm | storma | буря, шторм | Sturm | tempesto, sxtormo | sturme | storm | storm |
sun | surya | солнце | Sonne | suno | sune | zon | sol |
swamp, marsh | sumpa | болото | Sumpf, Moor | marcxo | marshe | moeras | muraisch |
thunder | guruha | гром | Donner | tondro | tondra | donder | stonter |
tide | afluisa e defluisa | прилив и отлив | Gezeiten | tajdo | tij, getij | schiau | |
tornado | tornado | торнадо | Tornado | ciklono | tornado | tornado | |
universe, cosmos | universa, kosmo | вселенная, космос | Weltall, Universum | universo, kosmo | universe | heelal, universum | universe, cosmos |
valley | dol | долина | Tal | valo | vale | vallei | dal(in) |
volcano | vulkan | вулкан | Vulkan | vulkano | volkane | vulkaan | volcan(o) |
weather | meteo | погода | Wetter | vetero | vetre | weer | weter |
wind | feng | ветер | Wind | vento | vente | wind | wind |
world | munda | мир | Welt | mondo | monde | wereld | mund |
TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS | TUL | ОРУДИЯ | |||||
arrow
(sharp-tipped shaft shot from a bow) |
flecha | стрела | Pfeil | sago | fleche | pijl | isu |
axe | acha | топор | Axt | hakilo | hache | bijl | secwr |
balloon | balon | баллон; воздушный шар | Ballon | balono | balone | ballon | ballon |
stang, staaf | stangh, gazd | ||||||
barrel, cask | barela | бочка | Fass | barelo | barele | fust, ton | but |
basket | basketa | корзина | Korb | korbo | korbe | korf, mand | kist, corbh |
bed | kama | кровать | Bett | lito | lite | bed | crovat, lict |
bell | glok | колокол | Glocke | sonorilo | kloche | bel | clock |
blade | lamina | лезвие | Klinge | klingo | halm, blad | miech | |
blanket (large piece of soft material used as a cover) |
manta | одеяло | Wolldecke | kovrilo | deken | blanquet | |
board | planka, tabula | доска, дощечка | Brett | tabulo | planke | plank | baurd, tapwl |
bomb | bomba | бомба | Bombe | bombo | bombe | bom | bombe |
bottle | botela | бутылка | Flasche | botelo | botle | fles, flesch | botel |
bow (for arrows) | arku | лук (оружие) | Bogen | pafarko | boog | lonc | |
bowl (deep round dish) | kopa | чаша | Schale | bovlo | bole | kom | bol |
box (rigid rectangular receptacle) | boxa | ящик, коробка | Kasten, Schachtel, Karton | kartono | boxe, keste | kist, doos | scattule, cutia |
brake | brek | тормоз | Bremse | bremsilo | frene | rem | braik; frain |
brick (hard clay block) | brik | кирпич | Ziegelstein | briko | brike | baksteen | brick |
broom | brum | метла, веник | Besen | balailo | balaye | bezem | firscha |
brush | brash | щётка | Bürste, Pinsel | brosxilo | brose | borstel | beurst |
bucket, pail | dalwa | ведро | Eimer | sitelo | emmer | amfer | |
bullet | kula | пуля | Kugel | kuglo | kogel | glonce | |
button (on a shirt etc.) | buton | пуговица | Knopf | butono | butone | knoop | buton, knop |
cage | kafsa | клетка | Käfig | kagxo | kaje | kooi | cage |
can (presealed metal container) {British: tin} |
tin-ken | консервная банка | Büchse | ladskatolo | blik | conserve | |
candle | kandela | свеча | Kerze | kandelo | bujie, kandele | kaars | kandel |
cannon | kanon | пушка | Kanone | kanono, pafilego | kanone | kanon | canon |
chain (connected series of rings or links) |
kadena | цепь | Kette | cxeno | katene | ketting | chaine |
chair (furniture for one person to sit on) |
stula | стул | Stuhl | segxo | stule | stoel | stol |
cigarette | sigareta | сигарета | Zigarette | cigaredo | sigarete | sigaret | cigarette |
clock | kloka | часы | Uhr | horlogxo | horloje | klok, uurwerk | horloge |
club, cudgel | gro-stik | дубина | Keule | bastonego | bastone | knuppel | mazuk |
coin | moneta | монета | Münze | monero | monete | munt, muntstuk | pieng |
comb | kanga | расчёска | Kamm | kombo | peine | kam | pecten |
computer | kompyuter, kompa | компьютер | Computer | komputilo {variants: komputero; komputoro} | computer | computer | |
container | dan, kontener | контейнер | Behälter | ujo, entenilo, vazo | vat | container | |
cord, cable (thicker than wire) | kabel | кабель | Kabel | kablo | korde | kabel, koord | dauyn |
corkscrew | korkatirika | штопор | Korkzieher | korktirilo | kurketrekker | corcschrub | |
cover (thing put onto or extended over smth else) | kovra | покров, покрытие | Decke, Deckel | kovrilo | kovre | deksel | covehr |
cup (small bowl with handle) | tasa | чашка | Tasse, Becher | taso | tase | kop, kopje | tasse |
curtain | kurtena | занавеска | Vorhang, Gardine | kurteno | kurtene | gordijn | cortin |
dial (circle marked with numbers/symbols) |
siferblat | циферблат | Zifferblatt, Skala | ciferplato | wijzerplaat | cifferblat | |
dish (any shallow concave container) |
dish | блюдо | Schüssel | plado | platone | schotel | pliat |
doll, effigy | kukla | кукла | Puppe | pupo | pupee | pop | pupp |
dome (anything shaped like an upside-down bowl) |
kupula | купол | Kuppel | kupolo | dome | koepel, gewelf | thol |
drain (device that removes unwanted liquid) |
drenihandak | водосток, дренажная канава |
Abfluss | drenilo | drenere {*} | afvoerpijp | drain |
drill | borer | бур, дрель | Bohrer | borilo | drilboor | drill | |
drum (hollow musical instrument beaten with sticks or hands) |
tambur | барабан | Trommel | tamburo | tambure | trom, drum | tambur |
envelope (folded paper covering a letter) |
letakuta | конверт | Briefumschlag | kuverto | kuverte | envelop | vulbh |
fan (device to create air current) | fenger, ventilator | вентилятор | Fächer | ventumilo | ventilatore | waaier | windplic, ventilator |
fence (outdoor barrier supported by posts) |
barana | забор | Zaun | barilo | fense | hek, schutting, omheining | barrier |
file (tool for abrading) | Feile | fajlo | lime | vijl | sleim | ||
flag, banner | flaga | флаг | Fahne | flago | flage | vlag | flag |
fork (instrument with >=2 prongs for picking up something) |
furka | вилка, вилы | Gabel | forko | forkete (forke = pitchfork) | vork | ghabel |
frame (structure supporting or surrounding something) |
frama | рама | Rahmen, Gestell | kadro | frame | raam, lijst, frame | fraum |
furniture | mebel | мебель | Möbel | mebloj | moblaro | meubels, meubelen [plur] | meublar |
gear (toothed wheel) | dentarada | шестерня | Zahnrad | dentrarado | gier | ghir | |
guitar (stringed instrument played with the fingers) |
gitara | гитара | Gitarre | gitaro | gitare | gitaar | ghitar(a) |
gun (ballistic weapon) | gan, banduk | огнестрельное оружие, винтовка |
Gewehr | pafilo | fusile (= rifle) | geweer | gvond |
hammer | hamra | молоток | Hammer | martelo | hamre | hamer | hammer |
handle (part of tool by which it is held) |
graspika | рукоятка, ручка | Griff, Henkel, Handkurbel | tenilo | anse | handvat | stolg |
hinge | sharnir | петля (дверная), шарнир | Angel (einer Tür) | cxarniro | charnire | scharnier | mifussal |
hook | huk | крюк | Haken | hoko | haak | ank | |
horn (makes noise when blown) | korna | рог | Horn, Hupe | korno, latuninstrumento | korne | claxon | horn |
hourglass | ramlakloka | песочные часы | Stundenglas | sablohorlogxio | zandloper | sandsaat | |
jar, jug (big wide-mouthed bottle) | kruga | кувшин | Krug | poto | kruche (= jug) | kruik | weuder |
key (metal device for operating lock) |
klef | ключ | Schlüssel | sxlosilo | klefe | sleutel | cleich |
knife | sikin | нож | Messer | trancxilo | kultele | mes | knif |
knob | набалдашник | Drücker, Knopf | tubero | knop | knop | ||
ladder | sulam | лестница | Leiter | sxtupetaro | skale | climek | |
lamp | lampa | лампа | Lampe | lampo | lampe | lamp | lampe |
lens | linsa | линза | Linse | lenso | lense | lens | linse |
lever | dranga | рычаг | Hebel | levstango | levere | hefboom | drangh |
lock (device for securing doors) | kufla | замок (на дверь) | Schloss | seruro | {padloke = padlock; no gen | slot | sclud |
machine (device with moving parts) |
mashina | машина | Maschine | masxino | machine | machine | machine |
match (little fire-stick) | kibrit | спичка | Streichholz | alumeto | alumete | lucifer | kibrit |
microscope | mikroskop | микроскоп | Mikroskop | mikroskopo | mikroskope | microscoop | microscope |
mirror | mira | зеркало | Spiegel | spegulo | spegele | spiegel | specule |
motor, engine | motor | мотор | Motor | motoro | motore | motor | motor |
nail (pointy fastener) | naga | гвоздь | Nagel | najlo | nagle | spijker | gwozd |
needle | igla | игла | Nadel | kudrilo, nadlo | agulie | naald | nadh |
net | neta | сеть | Netz | reto | rete | net | net |
oven | forna | печь | Ofen | forno, bakujo | forne | oven | ogwn, furn |
package, packet, parcel | paketa | пакет | Paket | pakajxo | pakete | pakje | pack(ett) |
paddle, oar (stick with broad end) |
rema | весло | Paddel | padelo, remilo | reme | riem, roeiriem | erm |
pan (broad shallow cooking dish) | frier | сковородка | Pfanne | pato | padele | pan | tanjar, skord; teghnon |
patch (a piece used to cover/repair a flaw) |
заплата | Flicken | flikajxo | lap | pan | ||
pedal | pedal | педаль | Pedal | pedalo | pedale | pedaal | pedal |
pen (writing tool that uses ink) | bolkalam | авторучка | Feder | plumo | plume | pen | kalem |
pencil, crayon(writing tool that uses semi-solid substance) |
kalam | карандаш | Bleistift | krajono | krayone | potlood | molive |
pillow, cushion | kushen | подушка | Kissen | kuseno | kusene | kussen | wangher, bolghi |
pipe (a hard tube for transporting liquid) |
tuba | труба | Rohr | pipo | tube | buis, pijp | aul |
plate (shallow dish, usually round) |
pyata | тарелка | Teller | telero | plate | bord | taler |
plow (plough) | pluga | плуг | Pflug | plugilo | pluge | ploeg | plugh |
posh | карман | Tasche | posxo | poshe | broekzak, zak | gep | |
pole, stick (long bar) | stanga | шест, жердь | Most, Stange | stango | bastone | stok | stangh |
post (vertical pole anchored in ground) |
stolba | столб | Pfahl | fosto | paal | pal, stolb | |
pot (deep round vessel) | pot | горшок | Topf | kaserolo | pote | pot, kan | pot |
pulley | шкив, блок | Rolle | pulio | pulie | katrol | pullie | |
pump | pumpa | насос, помпа | Pumpe | pumpilo | pumpe | pomp | pumpe |
rack (framework of bars for storage) |
stanka | стойка, штатив, подставка, станина |
Ständer, Raufe | stativo | rek | stoya | |
radio apparatus, wireless set | radio | радио | Radioapparat | radio | radio | radio | radio |
rail (usually horizontal bar for restraining/supporting things) |
rel | рельс | Geländerstange | relo | rele | railing, leuning | rail |
rake | rasta | грабли | Rechen | rastilo | rastre | hark | raster |
razor | razer | бритва | Rasiermesser | razilo | rasilo, rasomachine, rasokul | scheermes | xur |
rope | korda | верёвка | Seil | sxnuro | korde | touw | seil |
rug, mat | tapis | ковёр | Teppich | tapisxo | tapisete | kleedje, tapijt | kelim; hassir |
sack, bag | sak | мешок, куль | Sack | sako | sake | zak | sack |
sail | parus | парус | Segel | velo | segle | zeil | seghel |
saw (tool) | sega | пила | Säge | segilo | sege | zaag | seg |
scale (device to measure weight) | pondika | весы | Waage | pesilo | ponderilo | weegschaal | waga |
scissors | mikas | ножницы | Schere | tondilo | sisoe | schaar | nojit |
screen, mesh | ekran | экран | Gitter, Masche | ekrano | shirme (screen = shelter), m | maas, scherm | schirm, seit |
screw (threaded fastener) | vinta | винт, шуруп | Schraube | sxrau~bo | skrue | schroef | scruv |
sign (board with public notice written on it) |
jaopay | вывеска | Schild | sxildo | signe {?} | bord, reclamebord | schild |
shelf | tana | полка | Regal | breto | plank | regal | |
shield (a protective implement) | shilda | щит | Schild | sxirmilo | shilde | schild | adarga |
shovel | lopata | лопата | Schaufel | fosilo | shovele | schop | lopat |
spear, lance | lanza | копьё | Speer | lanco | lanse | speer, lans | piel, lance |
sponge (real/synthetic corpse of animal of phylum Porifera) |
sponja | губка | Schwamm | spongo | sponje | spons | swombh |
spool, reel (cylinder onto which something is wound) |
bobina | катушка | Spule | bobeno | spule | spoel | spula |
spoon | chiza | ложка | Löffel | kulero | kuliere | lepel | guar |
spring (metal helix) | resora | пружина | Feder | risorto | resore | veer, drijfveer | lumpia |
staple (fastener) | скоба | Heftklammer | krampo | nietje, kram | clehsp | ||
strap | belta | ремень | Riemen, Gurt | rimeno | strape | riem | yesmen |
string (thicker than thread and thinner than rope) |
syen | струна | Bindfaden, Sehne, Saite | sxnureto | kordete | koord, touw | schnur |
stylus | Nadel | grifelo | schrijfstift | ak | |||
sword | zian | меч | Schwert | glavo | sabre | zwaard | eins |
syringe | siringa | шприц | Spritze | injektilo | siringe | spuit, spuitje | sringa |
table (piece of furniture with flat top) |
tabla | стол | Tisch | tablo | table | tafel | table |
telephone | telefon | телефон | Telefon, Fernsprecher | telefono | telefone | telefoon | telephone |
telescope | teleskop | телескоп | Fernrohr | teleskopo | teleskope | telescoop | telescope |
television set | TV | телевизор | Fernsehapparat | televido | {As the dictionary was comp | televisie | TV |
toilet, water closet | tuvalet | туалет | Klosett | necesejo | latrine, lavatorie | w.c., toilet | tualette |
tool, utensil, implement | tul | инструмент | Werkzeug | ilo | instrumente, utensile | werktuig | alat |
tongs | pinser | щипцы | Zange | prenilo | pinse | tang | tang |
towel | tualya | полотенце | Handtuch | mantuko, bantuko, visxtuko | handdoek | handtuk | |
toy, plaything | pleika | игрушка | Spielzeug | ludilo | ludilo | speelgoed | leuyk |
trap | kapter | ловушка | Falle | kaptilo | kaptilo | val, voetangel | kapan |
tray (shallow rectangular dish) | поднос | Tablett | pleto | dienblad, schenkblad | tepji | ||
umbrella | ambrela | зонтик | Regenschirm | ombrelo | parapluve | paraplu | saan |
valve (flow-controller) | клапан | Klappe, Ventil | valvo | valve | ventiel | valve | |
weapon | arma | оружие | Waffe | armilo | arme | wapen | arme |
wheel | rada | колесо | Rad | rado | rote | kwekwl, rot | |
wire (long thread-like piece of metal) |
tel | проволока | Draht | drato | drate | viel | |
wrench {British: spanner} | гаечный ключ | Schraubenschlüssel | sxraubsxlosilo | vrehng | |||
CLOTHING | KLAIDA | ОДЕЖДА | |||||
apron | avantuh | фартук | Schürze | antau~tuko | schort | mandile | |
belt | belta | пояс, ремень | Gürtel | zono | ceintuur, gordel | yeusmen; belt | |
boot, top-boot | buta, gaobuta | ботинок, сапог | Schnürschuh, Stiefel | boteto, boto | bute | laars | baut |
coat (heavy outer garment with sleeves) | palto, mantela | пальто, плащ | Mantel | palto, mantelo | jake | jas | mantel, palto |
collar | kolar | воротник | Kragen | kolumo | kolare | boord | kolnier |
eyeglasses | okula | очки | Brille | okulvitroj | lunete | bril | bril |
garment (item of clothing) | klaida | одеяние, одежда | Gewand | vestajxo | veste | kledingstuk | roube, vester |
glove | ganta | перчатка | Handschuh | ganto | gante | handschoen | guant |
harness | jota | упряжь | Harnisch | jungilaro | harnese | tuig, gareel | khath |
hat, cap | shapa | шапка | Hut | cxapelo (hat), cxapo (cap) | chapele, kaskete | hoed | hatt |
helmet | helma | шлем | Helm | kaskedo | helme | helm | helm |
jacket (a short and/or lightweight coat) |
jaka | куртка | Jacke | jako | jakete | jack | jaquet |
necktie | tay | галстук | Krawatte | kravato | kravate | stropdas | cravate |
pants, trousers | panta | штаны | Hose | pantalono | pantalone | broek | pantalon, bruks |
shirt | kamisa | рубашка | Hemd | cxemizo | kamise | hemd, overhemd | camiss |
shorts, trunks (trousers extending no lower than knees) | shorta | шорты | kurze Hose, Sporthose | sxorto | kalsone {?} | shorts, korte broek | schorts |
shoe | shu | туфля, полуботинок; башмак |
Schuh | sxuo | shu(e) | schoen | schou |
skirt, kilt | jupa | юбка | Rock | jupo (skirt), kilto (kilt), robo (dress - shoulder to knees) | jupe | rok | fustan |
dress (garment open at the bottom) | roba | платье (женское) | Kleid | robo | rogv | ||
sock, hose, stocking | sok | носок, чулок | Strumpf, Socke | sxtrumpo | kalse (= stocking), kalsete (= sock) |
(stocking) | |
uniform (special garments worn by members of a group) |
uniforma | униформа | Uniform | uniformo | uniforme | uniform | |
veil | vual | вуаль | Schleier | vualo | vele | kehlder | |
BUILDINGS, INSTITUTIONS | BILDURA, GUAN | ЗДАНИЯ, ОБЩЕСТВЕННЫЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ | |||||
building, edifice (structure with walls and roof) | bildura | здание | Gebäude | konstruajxo | edifise | gebouw | bina |
attic, garret | rufshamba | чердак | Dachboden | subtegmento | mansarde | zolder, vliering | granar |
ceiling | tavan | потолок | Decke | plafono | plafone | plafond | tavan |
cellar, basement | kela | подвал | Keller | kelo | kelere | kelder | kellar |
chimney | fumtuba | дымовая труба | Schornstein | kamentubo, fumtubo | kamine | schoorsteen | camin |
door | dwar | дверь | Tür | pordo | porte | deur | dwer |
elevator {British: lift} | lifter | лифт | Fahrstuhl | lifto | elevatore | lift | lift |
fireplace, hearth | kamin | камин | Herd, Kamin | kameno | kamine | haard | vatra, ayd |
floor (bottom of room) | poda | пол | Fussboden | planko | planche | vloer, grond | |
roof | ruf | крыша | Dach | tegmento | tekte | dak | krov, tect |
room, chamber | shamba | комната | Zimmer | cxambro | chambre | kamer | kyal |
stair(s) | sulam | лестница | Treppe | sxtuparo | eskalere | trap | drab |
wall | mur | стена | Wand, Mauer | muro | mure | muur, wand | mur |
window | winda | окно | Fenster | fenestro | fenestre | raam, venster | fenster |
church (building or institution of public worship) |
kirka | церковь | Kirche | pregxejo | kirke (building), eklesie (institution) |
kerk | kyrk |
factory | fabrika | фабрика | Fabrik | fabriko | fabrike | fabriek | fabrique |
hospital | hospital | больница | Krankenhaus | malsanulejo, hospitalo | hospitale | ziekenhuis, hospitaal | hospital |
hotel, inn | hotel | гостиница | Hotel, Gasthof | hotelo, gastejo | hotele | hotel | hotel |
house (a free-standing man- made dwelling-building) |
dom | дом | Haus | domo | huse | huis | dom |
library | kitabaguan | библиотека | Bibliothek | biblioteko | libraro, biblioteke | bibliotheek | bibliotheque |
mill (place where raw materials are processed) |
melidom | мельница | Mühle | muelejo | mile | molen | molin |
prison, jail | prison | тюрьма | Gefängnis | malliberejo | prisone | gevangenis | prison |
school | skola | школа | Schule | lernejo | skole | school | scol |
store, shop, boutique | shop, dukan | магазин, лавка | Laden, Geschäft | butiko, vendejo, magazeno | butike | winkel, shop | butique, magasin, dukan |
tavern, bar, pub | taverna, bar | таверна, бар | Kneipe | trinkejo | taverne | kroeg, bar | taverne, crechma, bar |
theater | teatra | театр | Theater | teatro | teatre | theater, schouwburg | theatre |
university | universitet | университет | Universität | universitato | universitate | universiteit | universitat |
bridge | ponta | мост | Brücke | ponto | ponte | brug | brigv |
farm | ferma | ферма | Bauernhof | farmo | ferme | boerderij | farm |
park (public outdoor area) | parka | парк | Park | parko | parke | park | park |
market (place where goods are bought/sold/traded) |
basar | базар, рынок | Markt | bazaro | merkate | markt | mercat, basar |
tower | tawa | башня | Turm | turo | turme | toren | tor |
GOVERNMENT, HIERARCHY | GUVERNA, HIERARKIA | ПРАВИТЕЛЬСТВО, ИЕРАРХИЯ | |||||
agency, bureau | buroo | бюро | Behörde, Büro | instanco, buroo | buro | bureau, agentschap | amt, bureau |
army | armee | армия | Armee, Heer | armeo | armee | leger | armee |
authority (the right/power to command) |
mahta | власть | Autorität | au~toritateco, potenco | autoritate | gezag, autoriteit | autoritat, waldh |
campaign (for political office) | kampania | кампания | Feldzug | kampanjo | campagne | campagne | |
constitution (charter of an organization) |
konstitusion | конституция | Verfassung | statuto, konstitucio | konstitutione | statuten [plurale tantum] | constitution |
control [v] | kontroli, ruli | контролировать, управлять |
regeln, beherrschen | regi, kontroli | domina, kontrola | beheersen, regelen, besturen |
control |
court (of law) | judiguan | суд | Gericht | jurejo, tribunalo | korte | rechtszaal, gerechtshof | tribunal, diksghehrd |
crime | krimen | преступление | Verbrechen | krimo | krime | misdaad | crime |
elect (select by voting) [v] | elekti | избирать | wählen | elekti | elekta | verkiezen | eleg |
free (at liberty) [aj] | libre | свободный | frei | libera | liberi | vrij | leu(de)r |
government | guverna | правительство | Regierung | registaro | guvernantaro, governament | regering | gouvernement |
independent [aj] | nodependa-ney | независимый | unabhängig | sendependa | non-dependante | onafhankelijk, zelfstandig | independent |
international [aj] | interjenmin-ney | международный | international | internacia | international | internationaal | international |
jury | juri | жюри | Geschworene | jxurio | jurie | jury, gezworenen | jury |
law (a rule enforced by a government) |
kanun | закон | Gesetz | legxo | lege | wet | loy |
military [aj] | gwer(-ney) | военный, воинский | militärisch | milita | militari | militair | militar |
nation, state (political entity) | nasion, stata | нация, государство | Nation, Land | nacio | natione | natie | nation, stat |
obey [v] | obedi | повиноваться | gehorchen | obei | obedia | gehoorzamen | obedeih |
official (issued with authority) [aj] | ofisiale | офоциальный | oficiala | ofisial | officieel | official | |
organize (bring X's together to perform a task) [v] |
organisi | организовать | organisieren | organizi | organisa | organiseren | organise |
parliament, congress (legislative body of elected officers) |
parlamenta | парламент | Parlament | parlamento | parlamente, kongrese, legif | parlement, congres | parlament |
party (political), sect (religious) | partia, sekta | партия; секта | Partei | partio, sekto | partise | partij, sekte | partie, sect |
permit, allow, let [v] | permiti | разрешать | erlauben | permesi | permise | toelaten, toestaan | permitt |
police (organization to enforce laws) |
polis | полиция | Polizei | polico | polise | politie | police |
politics | politika | политика | Politik | politiko | politike | politiek | politique |
prohibit, forbid, contra-permit [v] | prohibi | запрещать | verbieten | malpermesi | despermise | verbieden | ban |
province (of Canada etc.), prefecture, state (of USA etc.) |
provinsia, stata | провинция; штат | Provinz, Bundesstaat | provinco (Kanado/cxinio), s | provinse, state | provincie, prefectuur | province, stat |
resign [v] | уходить в отставку | niederlegen | eksigxi | resigna | ontslag nemen | istife | |
rule, regulation | regula | правило | Regel | regulo | regle | regel | reul |
submission, surrender | подчинение, сдача | Unterwerfung, Kapitulation | cedo, rezigno | submisione | capitulatie, overgave | taslime, jiauschou, capitulation |
|
tax | naloga | налог | Steuer | imposto | taxo | belasting | taxe |
trial (in court) | judidela | дело, процесс (в суде) | Prozess | proceso | prosese | proces | process, mahel |
unite [v] | unisi | объединять | vereinigen | unuigi [vt], unuigxi [vi] | unisa | verenigen | unie |
vote [v] | voti | голосовать | Abstimmung | vocxdoni, baloti | vote | stemmen | vote |
war | gwer | война | Krieg | milito | guere, milite | oorlog | weir |
BUSINESS AND TRANSACTIONS | BISNES | БИЗНЕС | |||||
accept (willingly receive) [v] | aksepti | принимать | annehmen | akcepti [vt] | alsepta | accepteren | accepte |
account (record of money received/paid/owed) |
akaunta | счёт (в банке) | Konto | konto | registre | rekening | conte |
bank (monetary institution) | banka | банк | Bank | banko | banke | bank | bank |
bill, invoice (statement of money owed) |
bil | счёт (на оплату) | Rechnung | fakturo | fakture | rekening | facture, quitance |
borrow [v] | loni, pren lon-nem | одалживать, брать в долг |
leihen | prunti [vt] | prunta | lenen van | laun |
business, commerce | bisnes, komersa | бизнес, торговля | Handel | komerco | komerse | handel, business | verslyn, commerce |
buy, purchase [v] | kupi | покупать | kaufen | acxeti [vt] | kompra | kopen, aankopen, aanschaffen |
kaup |
cheap, inexpensive [aj] | chipe | дешёвый | billig | malmultekosta, malkara | chipi | goedkoop | ieftin |
check (written order directing a bank to pay from an account) | chek | чек | Scheck | cxeko | cheke | cheque | cheque |
company (a business organization), firm |
firma | фирма, компания | Gesellschaft | kompanio | kompania | firma | compagnie, firm(a) |
contract (agreement-document) | kontrakta | контракт | Vertrag | kontrakto | kontrate | verdrag, contract | contract |
credit (permission to borrow money) |
kredita | кредит | Kredit | kredito | kredite | krediet | credit |
debt, obligation to pay | deba | долг (денежный) | Schuld | sxuldo | debatu(m) | schuld | dulg |
exchange, trade, swap [v] | intershanja | обмен | tauschen | intersxangxi [vt] | kambia | uitwisselen, ruilen | exchange |
expensive, costly [aj] | guy | дорогой | kostspielig | multekosta, kara | cheri | duur, kostbaar | dorgv, costeus |
frugal, thrifty [aj] | sparishil | бережливый | sparsam | sxparema | frugal(i) | spaarzaam | iktissadic |
generous, charitable [aj] | donishil | щедрый | freigebig | malavara | jenerosi | vrijgevig, liefdadig | genereus |
get, acquire, gain, obtain [vt] | en-hev, akwiri | заиметь, приобрести | bekommen | akiri [vt] | resiva, obtena | krijgen | hassile |
give [v] | dai | дать | geben | doni [vt] | dona | geven | dah |
insurance (protective contractual arrangement) |
sigurisa | cтраховка | Versicherung | asekuro | assuratione | verzekering | sicurance |
invest [v] | investi | investieren | investi [vt] | plasa | investeren | invest | |
job, employment | gunsa, emploisa | работа, занятость | Job | dungo | taske, employate | werk, job | job, employ |
keep, retain, go on having ("you should keep the book") [v] | reteni | удерживать, сохранять | behalten | reteni [vt] | retena | houden, behouden | gweup |
lack (be without) [v] | falti | недоставать | (I lack it=es mangelt mir an) | malhavi [vt], manki [vi] | manka | ontberen, missen, niet ha | au, wan |
lend [v] | loni, dai lon-nem | одалживать, давать в долг |
ausleihen | prunti [vt] | presta | lenen | layn |
lose (cease having; contra-acquire) [vt] |
lusi | терять | verlieren | perdi [vt] | perda | verliezen | leus |
merchandise, goods, wares | pin | товары | Ware | varoj | vares | waren | tovar, ware |
money | mani | деньги | Geld | mono | moneye | geld | denars |
offer (present for acceptance or rejection) [v] |
proposi | предлашать | anbieten | proponi [vt] | ofra | aanbieden | offer |
own (possess according to law or custom) [v] |
posesi | обладать | besitzen | posedi [vt] | posese {?} | bezitten | possedd |
pay [v] | pagi | платить | gezahlen | pagi [vt] | paga | betalen | paygh |
poor, impoverished [aj] | povre | бедный | arm | malricxa | povri | arm | orm |
price, cost | prais | цена | Preis | prezo | pretie | prijs | pris |
private (contra-public) [aj] | private | личный, приватный | privat | privata | privat(i) | prive', privaat | privat |
prize, award | prisa, premia | приз, премия | Prämie | premio | premie | premie, beloning | mizd |
profit, gain | profit | выгода | Gewinn | profito | profite | profijt, voordeel | profit, lautel |
provide, supply, furnish [v] | saplai | обеспечивать, снабжать | besorgen | provizi [vt] | provise | voorzien (van) | dadw |
public (available to most or all persons) [aj] |
publike | публичный, общественный |
öffentlich | publika | publi, publik(i) | publiek, openbaar | public |
punish [v] | puni | наказать | strafen | puni [vt] | puni | straffen | puneih |
receive [v] | resivi | получить | empfangen | ricevi [vt] | resiva | ontvangen | dak, preim, recep |
reject, refuse (contra-accept) [v] | refusi | отказаться | ablehnen | rifuzi [vt] | refusa | verwerpen, weigeren | refuse |
responsibility, liability, accountability |
responsa | ответственность | Verantwortung | respondeco | responso | verantwoordelijkheid | massoulia |
reward [v] | rekompensi | воздавать, отплачивать награждать | belohnen | rekompenci [vt] | rekompensa | belonen | recompense, meizd |
rich, wealthy [aj] | riche | богатый | reich | ricxa | richi | rijk | riche |
sell [v] | vendi | продавать | verkaufen | vendi [vt] | venda | verkopen | pehrn |
steal (take in a criminal way) [v] | chori | украсть | stehlen | sxteli [vt] | furta | stelen, pikken {slang}, jat | klehpt |
store, cache, reserve, reservoir | reserva, depo | запас; хранилище | Vorrat, Lager | rezervo | voorraad, magazijn | sklad | |
take (in the sense of G "nehmen", Sp "tomar") [v] |
pren | брать | nehmen | preni [vt] | prenda | nemen | ghend; em |
ticket, coupon | bileta | билет | Karte | bileto, kupono | bilete, kupone | kaartje, ticket, coupon | tiquet |
value (the quality of being useful and/or desirable), worth |
valor, kosta | ценность, стоимость | Wert | valoro, kosto | valore | waarde | wirt |
RELIGION AND THE SUPERNATU | RELIGION | РЕЛИГИЯ | |||||
angel | anjel | ангел | Engel | angxelo | anjele | engel | angel |
bless (wish good upon) [v] | blesi | благословлять | segnen | beni | benedikte | zegenen | blagh |
curse, damn (wish evil upon) [v] | damni | проклинать | verfluchen | malbeni | damna | vervloeken | balstehm, aforise |
fairy | feya | фея | Fee | feo | fea | Fee | fee |
ghost (manifestation of dead person's soul) |
fantom | призрак | Gespenst, Geist | spirito | spirite | geest, spook | fantem |
god, diety | boh | бог | Gott | dio | dee (-o, -a) | god | div |
heaven, celestial realm, Valhala etc. |
swarga | небеса | Himmel | cxielo | siele | hemel | warwn |
hell, Hades | inferna | ад | Hölle | inferno | inferne | hel | hayd |
holy, sacred [aj] | sante | святой | heilig | sankta | sakri | heilig | saker |
magic, sorcery | magia | магия | Zauberei, Zauberkunst | magio, sorcxarto | magia | tovenarij, magie | magia |
pray (communicate with god(s)) [v] |
prei | молиться | beten | pregxi | prega | bidden | prehg |
priest, clergyman | pop | священник | Priester | pastoro | prestre | priester, pastoor | blaghmen, sakerdot, pr |
religion | religion | религия | Religion | religio | religione | religie, godsdienst | religion |
revelation, mystical vision | revela | откровение | Offenbarung | revelacio | revelatione | openbaring | revelation |
ritual, rite, ceremony | ritual | ритуал | Ritus, Ritual | rito | ritu, seremonie | ritueel | ritual |
soul, spirit (believed to outlive the body) |
atma | душа | Seele | animo | alme | ziel, geest | atmen |
MIND AND EMOTION | DUMA, SENTA | МЫСЛИ, ЧУВСТВА | |||||
admire [v] | admiri | восхищаться | bewundern | admiri | admira | bewonderen | admire |
alert [aj] | chauke | бдительный, чуткий | wachsam | lerta, atenta | alerti | waakzaam, paraat | elangver |
angry [aj] | ira-ney | сердитый | zornig | kolera | irat (irant) | boos, kwaad | irat |
approve (of) [v] | aprobi | одобрять | Beifall | aprobo | aprobatione | goedkeuring, toestemmi | approbe |
art (creative craft; productive use of t | arta | искусство | Kunst | arto | arte | kunst | art |
attention (active perception) | atenta | внимание | Acht, Aufmerksamkeit | atento | atentione | aandacht, attentie | attention |
behavior, conduct | suluka | поведение | Benehmen | konduto | konduite | gedrag | sulouk |
believe (accept as true) [v] | kredi | верить | glauben | kredi | kreda | geloven | credeih |
blame [v] | blami | порицать, осуждать | die Schuld geben | kulpigi | blama | de schuld geven | blame |
boring, tedious [aj] | enoi-she, tedi-she | скучный, надоедающий | langweilig | teda, enuiga | enoyant(i), tedant(i), tedivi | saai | plictic |
calculate, reckon [v] | kalkuli | вычислять | berechnen | kalkuli | kalkula | berekenen | hissab, calcule |
care, concern (about someone / something) |
kuydi | (по)заботиться | Sorge, Kummer | zorgo | konserna | zorg | kaur |
caution, prudence, carefulness |
chaukitaa | осторожность | Vorsicht | singardo, prudento | kautione | voorzichtigheid | caution, prudence |
celebrate, rejoice [v] | festi | праздновать | feiern | festi, celebri | festa | vieren | fest |
choose, pick (out), select one of many possibilities [v] |
selekti | выбирать | wählen | elekti, selekti | selekte | kiezen | cheus |
comfort (freedom from pain and/or worry) |
byentaa | удобство, комфорт | Behaglichkeit | komforto | komforte | gemak, gerief, comfort | khauristat |
compare [v] | kompari | сравнивать | vergleichen | kompari | kompara | vergelijken | compare |
conscious, aware [aj] | konsi-she | сознательный; осознающий |
bewusst | konscia | konsiosi | bewust | conscient |
courage, bravery | kuraja | храбрость, мужество | Mut | kuragxo | kuraje | moed | courage |
dear, precious, cherished [aj] | kare | дорогой, милый | lieb | kara | kar(i) | lief | kyar |
decide [v] | desidi | решать, принимать решение |
entscheiden | decidi | desise | beslissen, besluiten | decid |
disappointment | разочарование | Enttäuschung | malkontentigxo, seniluziigx | deseptione | teleurstelling | deception | |
distinguish, differentiate, tell one from another [v] |
distinti | отличать | unterscheiden | distingi (inter) | distinkte | onderscheiden | disting |
doubt [v] | dubi | сомневаться | Zweifeln | dubi | duta | twijfelen | dwoi |
dream | sonja (al nocha), drima (al dey) |
видеть сон; мечтать | Traum | songxo (= a night dream), revo (= a day dream) |
sonje | droom | drehm (nocts); sehgn (diens) |
embarrassment | mushkila | затруднение | Verlegenheit | embaraso | embaraso | verlegenheid | embarass |
enthusiasm, zeal | sagarmitaa | энтузиазм | Begeisterung | entuziasmo | selo | ijver, enthousiasme | enthusiasme |
expect, anticipate (believe that X will come/happen) [v] |
expekti | ожидать, рассчитывать | erwarten | antau~supozi, antau~vidi | expekta | verwachten, anticiperen |
exspecte |
experience (consciously live through an event) [v] |
anubavi | испытывать, переживат | erfahren | sperti | experientia | ondervinden, ervaren | experience |
favor, prefer [v] | preferi | предпочитать | bevorzugen | preferi, favori | prefera | de voorkeur geven | prefer |
fear (be afraid of) [v] | fobi | бояться | fürchten | timi | tima, pavora | vrezen, bang zijn van | bay |
feel (experience an emotion/sentiment) [v] |
senti | чувствовать | fühlen | senti | senti | voelen | kheiss |
find | findi | находить | finden | trovi | trova | trehv | |
foolish [aj] | norasum-ney | неразумный, глупый | töricht | malsagxa, stulta | folatri {*} | gek, mal | akmak |
forget (contra-remember) [v] | fogeti | забывать | vergessen | forgesi | oblive | vergeten | myehrs |
forgive, pardon [v] | pardoni | прощать | vergeben | pardoni | pardona | vergeven | indeulg |
funny, comical [aj] | drole | забавный, смешной | komisch | amuza, komika | komiki | grappig, komisch | goil |
grateful, thankful [aj] | danki-she | благодарный | dankbar | danka | gratitudosi | dankbaar | grat |
greedy [aj] | avide | жадный | gierig | avara | avidi | hebzuchtig, gierig | lasni |
guard, monitor, watch over [v] | gardi | охранять, беречь, сторожить |
bewachen, hüten | gardi | garda | hoeden, bewaken | guarde |
guess, conjecture [v] | gesi | угадывать; догадыватьс | vermuten | konjekti, diveni | konjektura | gissen, vermoeden | gvaedd |
guide, lead [v] | gidi, dukti | вести | führen | gvidi, konduki | gida, dukte | voeren, leiden | guide, duc |
guilty, blame-worthy [aj] | kulpaful | виновный | schuldig | kulpa | blamindi {*} | schuldig | nocent |
habit, custom, routine practice | abyas, tradision | привычка, традиция | Gewohnheit | kutimo | kustome | gewoonte | swohd, tradition |
happy [aj] | felise | счастливый | glücklich | felicxa | felisi | vrolijk, opgewekt | noroct |
hate [v] | heni | ненавидеть | hassen | malami | odia | haten | haissen |
hope [v] | nadi | надеяться | hoffen | esperi | espera | hopen | speh |
humble, modest [aj] | namre | скромный | demütig | humila, modesta | humil(i), modesti | onderdanig, deemoedig, nederig |
humil |
idea, concept (thought-bundle) | idea | идея | Idee | ideo, koncepto | idee | idee, concept, gedachte |
idee |
imagine [v] | imajini | вообразить | sich vorstellen | imagi, bildigi (al si) | imagina | zich voorstellen | imagine |
important [aj] | muhim | важный | wichtig | grava | importanti | belangrijk, gewichtig | important |
innocent, contra-guilty [aj] | inosente | невинный | unschuldig | senkulpa | inosent(i) | onschuldig | innocent |
insane, crazy, mad [aj] | pagale | сумасшедший | wahnsinnig | freneza | fol(i) | krankzinnig, gek, getikt, waanzinnig |
foll |
intelligent [aj] | intele | умный | intelligent | inteligenta | inteligenti | intelligent | intelligent |
intend, mean to, do deliberate- ly, have as a purpose [v] |
intenti | намереваться | beabsichtigen | intenci | intente | van plan zijn, willen | eiskw |
interest (desire to pay attention to something), fascination |
interes | интерес | Interesse | intereso | intereso | interesse, belangstelling |
interesse |
invent (plan something which has never been made before) [v] |
inventi | придумывать, изобретат | erfinden | inventi, krei, elfari | invente | uitvinden | invent |
jealousy; envy | jalusi-she; envi-she | ревнивый; завидующий | eifersüchtig; niedisch | jxaluzo; envio | envio | ijverzuchtig, jaloers | jalous, hassad |
judge (compare something to criteria), form an opinion about [v] |
judi | судить | beurteilen | jugxi, prijugxi | judika | beoordelen | kehns |
know [v] | jan | знать | wissen (know facts), kenne | scii (be aware of), koni (be | konosa, sava | kennen, weten | gnoh |
knowledge | jansa | знание | Wissen, Kenntnisse | scio | savo | kennis | gnohsa |
learn [v] | lerni | учиться, научиться | lernen | lerni, ekscii, informigxi | lerna | leren | euc |
like, enjoy (derive pleasure from) [v] |
pri, jui |
нравиться, наслаждаться |
gern haben, (I like it = es gefällt mir) |
gxui, sxati | prisa (to like, value); savura (enjoy, of foods); jua (enjoy) |
mogen, leuk vinden, graag doen |
kam, preih |
logic (formalized process of reasoning) |
logika | логика | Logik | logiko | logike | logica | logique |
lonely (feeling undesirable solitude) [aj] |
sole | одинокий | einsam | soleca | solitari | eenzaam | mon |
love [v] | luba | любовь | lieben | ami | ama | beminnen, houden van, liefhebben |
liubh |
loyal [aj] | fidele | верный | treu | fidela, lojala | loyal | getrouw, trouw | loyal |
mercy | rahimtaa | милосердие | Gnade, Barmherzigkeit | kompato | miserikordia | genade, barmhartigheid | mercie |
mind | menta | ум | Geist | menso | mente | geest | ment |
mystery | misteria | тайна, загадка | Mysterium | mistero | misterie | mysterie | mysteir |
neglect, negligence, apathy | neglekta | пренебрежение | Vernachlässigung | neglekto, apatio | neglekto | verwaarlozing | neglegence |
nice, kind, affable [aj] | latif | любезный, вежливый | nett, leutselig | afabla | afabli | aardig, vriendelijk, minzaam |
maedwn |
notice, observe [v] | merki, observi | замечать, наблюдать | merken, bemerken | rimarki, observi | observa | bemerken, merken, waarnemen |
kau, observe |
obstinate | zide | упрямый; упорный | hartnäckig | obstina | obstinati | hardnekkig | inat |
opinion | opina | мнение | Meinung | opinio | opinione | mening, opinie | mayn, opinion |
patience | sabra | терпение | Geduld | pacienco | patienteso, patientia | geduld | patience |
peace (freedom from fighting or turmoil) |
salam | мир (не война) | Friede | paco | pase | vrede | pace |
perceive, detect [v] | persepti | воспринимать | wahrnehmen | percepti | persepte | bemerken | percep |
pity, feel compassion toward, feel sorry for [v] |
piti | жалеть | bemitleiden | kompati | pitia | medelijden hebben met |
compatt |
plan, design | plan | план | Plan | plano, dezegno | plane | plan, ontwerp, design | plan |
play (performed by actors on stage), drama |
pyesa, drama | пьеса, драма | Stück, Drama | teatrajxo | drama(te) | toneelstuk, drama | piece, drame |
pretend, act, feign [v] | simuli | притворяться | vorgeben | preteksti, sxajnigi | simula, fikte | voorgeven, pretenderen, veinzen |
fineg |
proud | garwe | гордый | stolz | fiero, orgojlo | fiereso {*}, fieritate {*} | trots | mynder |
reason, explanation, justification, rationale |
reson | резон, довод, основание, причина |
Grund | kialo | resone | reden, grond | raison |
reasoning, rational thought | resoning | рассуждение | Urteil | rezonado | ratione | rede, vernuft | aum, raisonen |
recognize [v] | rekoni | узнать, признать | erkennen | rekoni | rekogni | herkennen | recogneih |
regret [v] | afsosi | сожалеть | Bedauern | bedau~ri | regreta | spijten, betreuren | regret |
remember [v] | remembi | (вс)помнить | sich erinnern an | memori, rememori | memora | zich herinneren | mehm |
respect, venerate, esteem [v] | respekti | уважать | achten | estimi, respekti | respekte | respekteren, achten | respect |
revenge, vengeance, retribution, get | venja | месть | Rache | vengxo | revanche | wraak | vengence |
sad, unhappy, melancholy [aj] | triste | грустный | unglücklich | malfelicxa, malgaja, trista | tristi | treurig, ongelukkig | shi |
satisfaction | satisfakta | удовлетворение | Befriedigung, Genugtuung | kontenteco | satisfaktione | voldoening, bevrediging | satisfaction |
seek, search (for), look for [v] | shuki | искать | suchen | sercxi | sercha | zoeken | paursk, sok |
seem, appear to be, give the impression of [v] |
sembli | казаться | scheinen | sxajni | sembla | schijnen, lijken | kwehk |
serious, earnest, grave [aj] | seriose | серьёзный | ernst | serioza | seriosi | ernstig, serieus | serieus |
shame | shama | стыд | Schande, Scham | honto | shame | schaamte, schande | scham |
study [v] | studi | изучать | studieren | studi | studia | studeren | studye |
stupid [aj] | stupide | глупый, дурацкий | dumm, blöd | malinteligenta, stulta | stupid(i) | dom, stom | stupid |
subject, topic of discussion | tema | тема | Thema | temo | subjekte | onderwerp, tema | theme |
suppose, presume [v] | suposi | предполагать | annehmen | supozi | suposi | aannemen, veronderstellen |
supposen |
surprise, startle [v] | surprisa | сюрприз | überraschen | surprizi | surprisa | verrassen | surprise |
talent, skill, knack | talenta | талант | Talent, Fertigkeit | talento | talente | talent | talent |
teach [v] | talimi | учить | lehren | instrui | dose, instrukte | onderwijzen, leren | doc |
tempt [v] | temti | искушать, соблазнять | verleiten | tenti | tenta | verzoeken | tente |
theory | teoria | теория | Theorie | teorio, hipotezo | teorie | theorie | theoria |
think [v] | dumi | думать | denken | pensi | opine | denken | mehn |
trust [v] | fidi | доверять | trauen | fidi | fida | vertrouwen | treus |
understand, comprehend [v] | samaji | понимать | verstehen | kompreni | komprenda | begrijpen | prete |
want, wish, desire [v] | yao | хотеть | wollen | voli, deziri | voli | willen, verlangen | vol |
whim, caprice | kapris | каприз | Laune, Grille | kaprico | kaprise | gril | caprice |
wise [aj] | saje | мудрый | weise | sagxa | saji | wijs | hakime |
worry, anxiety | nokalmitaa | беспокойство | Sorge | cxagreno, maltrankviligxo | zorg | sweurgh | |
COMMUNICATION | KOMUNIKA | ОБЩЕНИЕ | |||||
address (postal co-ordinates) | adres | адрес | Adresse | adreso, posxtadreso | adrese | adres | adresse |
admit, confess [v] | konfesi | признаваться | eingestehen, zugeben | konfesi | konfese | bekennen, toegeven | confett |
advertisement | reklama | реклама | Anzeige, Reklame | reklamo, reklamajxo | anonse | advertentie, reklame | reclame |
advice | konsila | совет | Rat | konsilo | avise | raad, advies | radh |
alphabet | alfabet | алфавит | Alphabet | aboco, alfabeto | alfabete | alfabet | alphabet |
announce, proclaim [v] | anunsi | объявлять, извещать | ankündigen | anonci | anuntia | aankondigen | annunce |
answer, reply to a question or argument |
jawabi | отвечать | Antwort | respondo | respondo | antwoord | antwehrd |
article, essay (piece of text about one topic) |
artikla | статья | Artikel | artikolo, eseo | artikle | artikel | article |
ask, inquire [v] | kwesti | спрашивать | fragen | demandi | questiona | vragen | (s)prehg |
book | kitaba | книга | Buch | libro | libre | boek | buk |
call, summon [v] | voki | звать | rufen | voki, alvoki | voka | roepen, aanroepen | kal |
chapter (main division of book) | chapta | глава (в книге) | Kapitel | cxapitro | chapitre | hoofdstuk | capitel |
chart, diagram | diagrama | диаграмма | Karte | diagramo | diagrame | kaart, diagram | diagramme |
claim, assertion (statement of unknown accuracy) |
aserta | утверждение | Behauptung | aserto | asertione | bewering | ischbat |
code (cryptographic system) | kod | код | Chiffreschrift, Geheimschrif | cxifro, kodo | kode | geheimtaal, code | code |
command, order, directive | komanda | команда, приказание | Befehl | komando, ordono | komanda [v] | bevel, opdracht | commanden |
communication (exchange of information) |
komunika | общение | Nachrichtenwesen | (inter)komunikado, komuni | komuniko, komunikado, ko | communicatie | communication |
consonant (non-vowel) | согласный (не гласный) | Mitlaut | konsonanto | konsonante | medeklinker, consonant | consonn | |
criticize [v] | kritiki | критиковать | kritisieren | kritiki | kritika | bekritiseren, kritiek hebben op |
critique |
deny (say that X is not true) [v] | negi | отрицать | leugnen | nei | deskonfirma {*} | ontkennen, tegensprech | nege |
describe [v] | deskribi | описывать | beschreiben | priskribi | deskripte | beschrijven | describ |
dictionary | lexikon | словарь | Wörterbuch | vortaro | lexike | woordenboek | dictionar |
discuss, talk about [v] | diskusi | обсуждать | besprechen | (pri)diskuti | diskuse | discussieren | tolk |
document | dokumenta | документ | Urkunde | dokumento | dokumente | document | document |
emphasize, accentuate, stress [v] | aksenti | акцентировать | betonen | emfazi | emfasa ("stresa" is used wit | nadruk leggen op, benadrukken |
schaddeih |
fact (undisputed datum) | fakta | факт | Tatsache | fakto | faktu(m) | feit | fact |
fiction | fiktia | фикция, вымысел | Dichtung | fikcio | fiktione | verdichting, roman | fiction |
file (dossier; loose bundle of data) | fail | файл; досье | Akte | dosiero, rikordaro | dossier, file | dossier, cartia | |
grammar (rules and structure of a language) |
gramatika | граматика | Grammatik | gramatiko | gramatike | grammatica | grammatic |
history (organized account of past events), chronicle |
historia | история | Geschichte | historio | historie | geschiedenis | historia |
indicate [v] | indiki | указывать | anzeigen | indiki | indika | duiden op, indiceren, een teken zijn van |
deik |
information | info, data | информация, данные | Informationen | informoj, datenoj | information | informatie | info(rmation) |
insult | оскорбление | Beleidigung | insulto, ofendo | insulta | belediging | hakara | |
invite [v] | inviti | приглашать | einladen | inviti | invita | uitnodigen | invite |
issue, edition (of periodical etc.) | chuka | выпуск, издание (журнала и т.д.) |
Nummer, Ausgabe | numero | kayere | uitgave, nummer | numer |
label | etiketa | ярлык, этикетка | Etikett | etikedo | label, etiket | citel | |
language (the verbal communication technique of a people) |
lingwa | язык | Sprache | lingvo | lingue | taal | lingua |
letter (a message written and mailed) |
leta | письмо | Brief | letero | letre | brief | brev |
lie (utter a known falsehood) [v] | lugi | лгать | lügen | mensogi | mentia | liegen, jokken | leugh |
list | lista | список | Verzeichnis | listo | liste | lijst | liste |
magazine (periodical publication) | jurnal | журнал | Zeitschrift | revuo, gazeto, magazino | tijdschrift | magazine | |
mail (transmit postally) [v] | sendi bay meil | отправлять почтой | abschicken | enposxtigi | posta | posten, verzenden | barihd |
map (drawing of planet's surface) | karta | карта (геогр.) | Landkarte | mapo | mape (given in parentheses | landkaart | map |
meaning (semantic content of a word) |
signifa | значение, смысл | Sinn, Bedeutung | signifo | signifikatione {?} | betekenis, zin | maynen |
message (batch of transmitted information) | mesaja | послание | Botschaft | komunikajxo, mesagxo | mesaje | boodschap | message |
movie, motion picture | kino | кино | Film | kino, kinofilmo | film | film | |
name | nam | имя | Name | nomo | nome | naam | nam |
news, tidings | novas | новости | Nachricht | novajxoj, informoj | nieuws, tijding | novs | |
newspaper | gaseta | газета | Zeitung | jxurnalo | jurnale | krant | journal |
noise (confused/randomized sound/stimuli) |
shum | шум | Geräusch | bruo | bruiso | lawaai | blosk |
note, annotation | nota | заметка | Notiz, Anmerkung | noto, piednoto | note | aantekening, voetnoot | note |
page (one side of a sheet of paper in a book) |
paja | страница | Seite | pagxo | pagine | bladzijde | page |
photograph | foto | фотография | Photo | foto, fotograf(ajx)o | fotografure | foto(grafie) | photo |
poem | poema | поэма | Gedicht | poemo | poeme | gedicht | poeme |
praise, compliment, laud [v] | laudi | хвалить | loben | lau~di | lauda | laude | |
print (to copy marks by pressing inked objects on paper) [v] |
printi | печатать | presi, printi | printa | roemen, loven | druck | |
promise (a claim about one's future actions), pledge |
wada | обещание | Versprechen | promeso | promiso | drukken | promiss |
protest, objection | protesta | протест | Protest | protesto | protesto | belofte, afspraak | protest |
question, query | kwesta | вопрос | Frage | demando | questione | protest | question |
quote, cite [v] | sitati | цитировать | zitieren | citi | sita | vraag | cite |
read [v] | lekti | читать | lesen | legi | lekte | citeren | leis |
record (a cache of information) | rekordi | записывать | Protokoll, Aufzeichnung | registro | registre | lezen | recorde |
request, ask for [v] | demandi, pregi | запрашивать, просить | bitten um, ersuchen | peti | dossier, archief, file, opname |
beud, prehg | |
say, tell, express in words [v] | shwo | сказать | sagen | diri | dikte | verzoeken, vragen om | sayg |
secret [aj] | sekret-ney | секретный | geheim | sekreta | sekret(i) | zeggen | secret |
sentence (of words) | frasa | предложение | Satz | frazo | satse | geheim | phrase |
sing [v] | gani | петь | singen | kanti | kanta | zin | sehngv |
show [v] | diki | показывать | zeigen | montri | zingen | deik | |
speak, talk [v] | shwo | говорить | sprechen | paroli | parla | spreken | bah |
story, report | rakonta | рассказ | Geschichte, Bericht | raporto, rakonto | rakonte | verhaal, verslag | storia |
suggest, propose (offer an idea) [v] |
proposi | предлагать (идею) | vorschlagen | sugesti | sugeste, proposi | aanraden, voorstellen | proposen |
syllable | silaba | слог | Silbe | silabo | silabe | lettergreep, syllabe | syllab |
symbol, sign, token | simbol | символ | Sinnbild | simbolo | simbole, signe | teken, symbool | symbol |
thank (express gratitude toward) [v] |
danki | благодарить | danken | danki | danka | danken | dank |
vocabulary (sum of words available to a person/people) |
lexika | словарный запас, лексика |
Wortschatz | vortprovizo | vokablaro | woordenschat, vocabulaire |
vocabular |
voice | vos | голос | Stimme | vocxo | voise | stem | voc |
vowel | гласный (не согласный) | Selbstlaut, Vokal | vokalo | vokale | klinker | voyel | |
warn [v] | warni | предупреждать | warnen | averti | waarschuwen | warn | |
word | worda | слово | Wort | vorto | vorte {1928 version}, vorde {1930 version}, vokable |
woord | werd |
write [v] | skribi | писать | schreiben | skribi | skripte | schrijven | scrib |
ATHLETICS, GAMES | SPORTA | СПОРТ | |||||
game
(a rule-governed system of competitive amusement) |
geim | игра | Spiel | ludo | lude | spel | leik |
game, match (one particular encounter between competitors) |
mach | матч | Partie | matcxo, partio | mache | wedstrijd, manche, kamp |
ernu; match |
athletics (games involving physical skill), sports |
atletika | атлетика | Athletik | sportoj | {atleti ludes?} | atletiek | athletique |
score (the tally of points in a competition) |
puntanamba | счёт | Punktzahl | poentaro | score | score | |
umpire, referee, official | judista | судья | Schiedsrichter | jugxanto, arbitracianto | arbitrere | scheidsrechter | arbitrager |
ball (spheroidal plaything) | bol | мяч | Ball | pilko | bule | bal | ball |
bat, stick, racket/racquet (any ball-hitting tool) |
bater, stik | бита | Schläger | batilo | bastone {?} | knuppel, slaghout, stick, racket |
gazd |
ski | ski | лыжа | Schi | skiilo, skio | ski | ski | ski |
baseball | besbol | бейсбол | Baseball | basbalo, basbalpilko | honkball | baseball | |
basketball | basketabol | баскетбол | Korbball | korbopilko | basketball | basquetball | |
football (association f~), soccer | futbol | футбол | Fussball | futbalo | voetbal | football | |
football (American/tackle f~) | usa-ney futbol | американский футбол | usona piedpilkludo | tackel football | |||
gymnastics | gimnastika | гимнастика | Gymnastik | gimnastiko | gimnastike | gymnastiek | gymnastique |
hockey | hokey | хоккей | Hockey | hokeo | hockey | hockey | |
pool, billiards | biliar | биллиард | Billiard | bilardo | biliarde | biljart | billiard |
tennis | tenis | теннис | Tennis | teniso | tenise | Tennis | tennis |
chess | shahmat | шахматы | Schach | sxako | shake | schaak | schakh |
play, recreate, frolic [v] | plei | играть | spielen, Spass machen | ludi [vi] | luda | spelen | leik |
IDENTITY | SAMITAA | ОДИНАКОВОСТЬ | |||||
same, identical [aj] | same | тот же самый | selbe, gleich | sama | sam(i), identi | zelfde | sam |
similar [aj] | simile | похожий | ähnlich | simila | simil(i) | soortgelijk | simil(ar) |
different [aj] | farka-ney | отличный, разный | verschieden | malsama, malsimila | diferanti | verschillend | different |
other, another [aj/pn] | otre | другой | andere | alia | altri [aj], altre(-o, -a) [pn] | ander, andere | alter/alyo |
change (become/make different), vary [v] |
shanji | менять(ся) | verändern | sxangxi [vt], sxangxigxi [vi], | chanja | veranderen | change |
imitate, mimic [v] | imitati | имитировать | nachmachen | imiti | imita, mima | nabootsen | imite |
original, non-imitative [aj] | original-ney | подлинный, оригинальный |
ursprünglich | originala | original | oorspronkelijk | original |
prototype, exemplar, archetype, model (for all Xs) |
prototip | прототип | Urbild | prototipo | exemplere, modele | prototype, model | prototype |
copy (a duplicate) | kopia | копия | Nachbildung, Duplikat | kopio, ekzemplero | kopie, duplikate | copie | copie |
NUMERALS | NAMBA-WORDA | ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ | |||||
zero [num] | nol | ноль | Null | nulo | sero | nul | zero |
one [num] | un | один | eins | unu | un, uni (emphatic) | een | oin |
two [num] | dwa | два | zwei | du | du | twee | dwo |
three [num] | tri | три | drei | tri | tri | drie | tri |
four [num] | char | четыре | vier | kvar | quar | vier | quar |
five [num] | pet | пять | funf | kvin | sink | vijf | penk(we) |
six [num] | sit | шесть | sechs | ses | six | zes | six |
seven [num] | sem | семь | sieben | sep | sep {1928}, set {1930} | zeven | sept(a) |
eight [num] | ot | восемь | acht | ok | ok {1928}, ot {1930} | acht | oct(o) |
nine [num] | nin | девять | neun | nau~ | nin | negen | nev |
ten [num] | shi | десять | zehn | dek | dek | tien | dec |
hundred [num] | sto | сто | hunderd | cent | sent | honderd | cent(om) |
thousand [num] | mil | тысяча | tausend | mil | mil | duizend | mil |
million [num] | milion | миллион | Million | miliono | milione | millioen | million |
half (1/2) [num] | haf | половина | halb | duono | duime | helft | dwodel |
QUANTITY | KWANTITAA | КОЛИЧЕСТВО | |||||
quantity
(amount / number / magnitude) |
kwantitaa | количество | Menge, Quantität | kvanto | quantitate | kwantiteit | quantitat |
number, numeral (a word or symbol indicating quantity) |
namba, sifra | число, цифра | Nummer, Zahl | numeralo, numero, cifero | nombre | nummer, getal | numer, ciffer |
count, enumerate [v] | konti | считать | zählen | nombri | konta | tellen | conte, lehg |
measure [v] | meji | измерять | messen | mezuri | mesura | meten | meid |
ratio, rate, proportion | proporsion | пропорция | Verhältnis | proporcio | proportione | verhouding | ratio, proportion |
add, append, join so as to cause an increase [v] |
adi, aditi | добавлять; складывать | hinzufügen, addieren | aldoni, adicii | adi | toevoegen | add(eih) |
remove, subtract, take away, delete [v] |
subtragi | вычитать | entfernen, subtrahieren | depreni, subtrahi | subtrakte | afnemen, verplaatsen | substrag |
increase (become or make greater in quantity) [v] |
fa-mucho, kresi | увеличивать(ся) | vermehren | plimultigi, plimultigxi | kreska [vn], fika ... kreska [vt | aangroeien | crehsc/creisc |
decrease (become or make lesser in quantity) [v] |
fa-shao, dekresi | уменьшать(ся) | reduzieren, verringern | malplimultigi, malplimultigxi | deskreska {?} | minderen, afnemen | descrehsc/descreisc |
multiply [v] | multipliki | умножать | multiplizieren | obligi, multipliki | multisa, multiplika | vermenigvuldigen | multiplie |
divide [v] | dividi | делить | teilen | dividi | divise, parta | deelen | divid |
total, sum, aggregate | suma | сумма | Gesamtsumme | sumo, totalo | sume | totaal | summ |
rest (of ...), remainder, leftovers, remnant |
resta | остаток | Rest | cetero, restajxo | seterum | rest | reste; etiloikw |
whole, entire, complete [aj] | tote | целый | ganz | tuta, entuta | integri, komplet(i) | geheel | hol |
all (the whole number or entire sum of) [aj] |
oli | все | all, ganz | cxiuj | toti (the whole of), omni (eve | al, alle | quant |
many (a large number of) [aj] | mucho | многие | viele | multaj | multi [aj], multes [pn] | veel | maung |
few (a small number of) [aj] | shao | немногие | wenige | malmultaj, kelkaj | poki [aj], pokes [pn] | weinig | pau |
much (a large quantity of) [aj] | mucho | много | viel | multe (da), multo | multi [aj], multum [pn] | veel | maung |
more (a larger quantity of) [aj] | pyu | Сольше | mehr | pli (multe da), pli (multaj) | plu [av] | meer | meis |
most (the largest quantity of) [aj] | maiste | наибольший | meist, die meisten | la plimulto, la plejmulto, la p | maxim | meest | meist |
little (a small quantity of) [aj] | shao | мало | wenig [aj], bisschen [pn] | iomete (da) | poki [aj], pokum [pn] | beetje [n] | pauk |
less (a smaller quantity of) [aj] | meno | меньше | weniger | malpli (multe) (da), malplim | min | minder | minter |
least (the smallest quantity of) [aj] | minim | наименьший | mindeste | malplej (multe) (da) | minim | minst | |
part | parta | часть | Teil | parto | parte | deel | part, deil |
piece (a part broken/cut/ separated from something larger) |
pes | кусок | Stück | peco | piese | stuk | schtuk, piece |
section, segment (a part somehow different/separated from others) |
duan | отрезок | Abschnitt | sekcio, segmento | sektione, segmente | snijding | section, segment |
allocation, allotment, portion (someone's share of X) |
porsion | порция | Zuteilung | porcio | portione | toewijzen | portion |
group | grupa | группа | Gruppe | grupo | grupe | groep | grupp |
batch (quantity of things done/ produced at one time) | lot | партия (напр.товара) | Schub, Satz | kolekto, fornpleno | baksel | wakel | |
bundle, bunch (group of things tied or grouped together) |
fasia, pak, pila | связка, пачка, стопка | Bündel | fasko, pako | bundle | bos, bundel | bindell, fasc |
majority | maiste parta, maistitaa | большинство | Mehrheit | plimulto, pliparto, majoritat | majoritate | meerderheid | majoritat |
minority | minim parta, minimtaa | меньшинство | Minderheit | malplimulto, malpliparto, mi | minoritate | minderheid | minoritat |
density | densitaa | плотность | Dichte | denseco | denseso {*}, densitate {*} | dichtheid | densitat |
dense (of much density), concentrated, thick, intense [aj] |
dense | густой, плотный | dicht | densa | densi | dicht, intens | dense |
rarefied, tenuous, diffuse, dilute, sparse, wispy [aj] |
nodense, feble | разреженный, слабый | verdünnt, spärlich, schwach |
maldensa | tenu(i) | schaars, dun | skider |
full, filled [aj] | fule | полный | voll | plena | plen(i) | vol | plen |
empty [aj] | vakue | пустой | leer | malplena | vakui | leeg | tuich |
DEGREE | GRADA | СТЕПЕНЬ | |||||
degree
(the extent/intensity/ scope of an action/condition/relation) |
grada, gradus | степень, градус | Grad | grado, kiomo | gradu | graad, mate | grad |
at least, not less than (>=) [av] | amini | по меньшей мере | zum mindesten | almenau~ | aminim | ten minste | minst-ye |
at most, only, just, merely, not more than (<=) [av] |
amaxi | самое большее | nicht mehr als | nur, ne pli ol | amaxim | hoogstens | megst-ye |
much, very (to a large degree; with great intensity) [av] |
muy, gro | очень, чрезвычайно | viel | multe, tre | tre | zeer, erg | meg, baygh |
more (to a larger degree) [av] | pyu | более, больше | mehr | pli, plimulte | plu | meer | meis |
most (to the largest degree) [av] | zuy | наиболее | meist | plej, plejmulte | maxim | meist | |
little (to a small degree; with almost no intensity) [av] |
shao | мало | wenig | malmulte | pokim | meest | pau |
less (to a smaller degree) [av] | meno | менее, меньше | kleiner, weniger | malpli, malplimulte | min | amper | min(s), minter |
least (to the smallest degree) [av] | minim | наименее | am wenigsten | malplej, malplejmulte | minim | minder | minst |
minst | |||||||
enough, sufficiently [av] | basta, sufi-shem | хватит, достаточно | genug | suficxe | sat | genoeg | sat, kafi |
almost, nearly [av] | hampi | почти | fast | preskau~ | preske | bijna | quasi |
too much, excessively [av] | tro | слишком, чересчур | zu viel | tro | tro | pior | |
too little, insufficiently [av] | tro shao | слишком мало | zu wenig | maltro, nesuficxe | tro pokim | pior pau | |
DIMENSION, DIRECTION | DIMENSION, DIREKSION | ||||||
size
(degree of largeness or smallness) |
grantaa, sais | величина, размер | Grösse | grandeco | grandeso | grootte | mege |
huge, enormous, gigantic [aj] | gro-gran | огромный | ungeheuer, riesig | grandega, enorma | grandisi, enormi | kolossaal | enorm |
big, large (of much size) [aj] | gran | большой | gross | granda | grandi | groot | megil, mier |
small (of little size) [aj] | syao | маленький | klein | malgranda | mikri | klein | smulk |
tiny, minuscule [aj] | tanike | крошечный | winzig | malgrandega, eta | mikrisi {*} | miniem | micri |
expand, grow [v] | kresi | расти | ausbreiten, wachsen | kreski | kreska | uitzetten | crehsc |
shrink, contract [v] | dekresi | уменьшаться, сжиматься |
einlaufen | malkreski | deskreska {*} | krimpen | schrehnk |
distance (amount of space from X to Y) |
distansia | расстояние | Entfernung, Ferne | distanco, interspaco | disto, distantia | afstand | distance |
far (at / to a great distance) | dale | далёкий | fern, entfernt | fora, dista, malproksima | ferni, distanti [aj], fernim [av] | ver | dalg |
near (at / to a little distance) | blise | близкий | nahe | proksima | proximi [aj], proximu [av] | na | prosch |
present (existing in the indicated place; contra-absent) [aj] |
presente | присутствующий | anwesend | cxeestanta | presenti | tegenwoordig bij | present |
absent [aj] | absente | отсутствующий | abwesend | forestanta, mankanta | absent(i) | afwezig | absent |
place, location | loko | место | Lage | loko | loke | oord | lok |
length (distance from one end to the other) |
longitaa | длина | Länge | longeco | longeso {*}, longitate {*} | lengte | longe |
long (of much length) [aj] | longe | длинный | lang | longa | longi | lang | long |
short (of little length) [aj] | kurte | короткий | kurz | mallonga | kurti | kort | cort |
width (degree of wideness or narrowness) |
chauritaa | ширина | Breite | largxeco, vasteco | larjeso {*}, larjitate {*} | breedte | wure |
wide, broad (of space between objects) [aj] | chaure | широкий | breit | largxa, vasta | larji | wijd, breed | weur |
narrow, of little width (of space between objects) [aj] | tange | узкий | eng | mallargxa, malvasta | angusti, streti | nauw | angh |
thickness (of a solid object, etc.) | grositaa | толщина | Dicke | dikeco | dikeso {*}, dikitate {*} | tuge | |
thick, fat (large from one surface to the opposite surface) [aj] |
grose | толстый | dick | dika | diki | dik | teug |
thin, slender (small from one surface to the opposite surface) [aj] |
dine | тонкий | dunn, slank | maldika | tenu(i) | dun | teun |
height (distance from ground / baseline to top) |
gaotaa | высота | Höhe | alteco | alteso {*}, altitate {*} | hoogte | hoge |
high, tall (of much height) [aj] | gao | высокий | hoch, lang | alta | alti | hoog | hog |
low, short (not tall; of little height) [aj] |
nise | низкий | niedrig | malalta | basi | laag | ghem |
depth (distance from ground / baseline down to bottom) |
glubitaa | глубина | Tiefe | profundeco | profundeso | diepte | dube |
deep, profound (of much depth) [aj] | glube | глубокий | tief | profunda | profundi | diep | deub |
shallow (of little depth) [aj] | chyen | мелкий | seicht | malprofunda | desprofundi {*} | ondiep | plask |
horizontal [aj] | horisontale | горизонтальный | horizontal | horizontala | horisontal | horizontaal | horizontal |
vertical [aj] | vertikale | вертикальный | senkrecht | vertikala | vertikal | verticaal | vertical |
diagonal, slanted [aj] | oblikue | косой | diagonal | oblikva | diagonal(i) | diagonaal | skeng, oblique |
sloped, inclined/declined (not horizontal) [aj] |
inklini-ney | наклонённый | geneigt | klina, dekliva | inklinanti | glooiend | incline(t/n) |
angle (the relation of two lines radiating from a point) |
angula | угол | Winkel | angulo | angule | hoek | angle |
position (location relative to others) |
posision | позиция | Lage | pozicio | positione | ligging, positie | position |
region, area (a quantity of space within boundaries) |
region | регион, область | Gegend | areo, regiono | regione; area | streek | region |
space, room, void | spas | пространство | Raum | spaco | spatie | ruimte | reus |
connection, joint, junction | konekta, liga | связь | Verbindung, Verknüpfung | ligo, kunligigxo, konekto, ju | konektione | verbinding | connection, dyemen |
environment, surroundings, context |
lo sirkum, milyoo | окружающее | Umwelt, Umgebung | cxirkau~ajxo, medio | omgeving | ambient | |
front | avana | перёд | Stirn | antau~o | fronte (used for both "forehead" and "fore part" of anything!) |
voorzijde | front |
rear, back part of | baka | зад | Hinterseite | malantau~o | reverse | achterkant | caud |
side, flank, lateral area | flanka, taraf | бок, сторона | Seite | flanko, latero | flanke | zijde | flank, gon |
middle, center | mida | середина | Mitten | mezo, centro | sentre | midden | medio |
top, peak, summit | uupara, sima | верх, верхушка | Oberteil, Wipfel | supro, pinto | kulmine, somite | top | topp |
bottom | nicha | низ | Boden | malsupro | funde | bodem | bund |
edge | borda | край | Rand, Schneide | rando | borde | rand | leizd |
point, spike | nok | кончик, остриё | Spitze | pinto | punte | point | |
inner, internal, interior [aj] | inen-ney | внутренний | inner | interna | interni | binnen | inner |
outer, exterior, external [aj] | ausen-ney | внешний | äusser | ekstera | extri | buiten | uder |
limit, boundary | limita | предел, граница | Grenze | limo | limite | grens | lim(it) |
find (discover the location of) [v] | findi | находить | finden | trovi | trova | vinden | trehv |
misplace (lose; become unable to find) [v] |
lusi | терять | verlieren | misloki | perda | misplaatsen | leus |
direction (orientation of motion) | direksion | направление | Richten | direkto | direktione | richting | direction |
up [av] | uupar | вверх | aufwärts | supren | op | ub | |
down [av] | nich | вниз | herunter | malsupren | beneden | ghom | |
north | norda | север | Nord | nordo | nord | noorden | nord |
south | suda | юг | Süd | sudo | sud | zuiden | sud |
east | esta | восток | Ost | oriento | est | oosten | eust |
west | westa | запад | West | okcidento | vest | westen | west |
right(-hand) [aj] | desne | правый | recht | dekstra | dextri | rechter | dex(ter) |
left(-hand) [aj] | lefte | левый | linke | maldekstra, liva {rare} | lefti | linker | lev(ter) |
away (from this or that place) [av] |
wek | прочь | weg, fort | for | frou | weg | wayt |
back (to previous place / condition) [av] |
bak | назад | zurück | reen, reire, revene | retro | terug | tsay |
inverted, upside-down [aj] | nicha-uupar | вверх ногами | verkehrt | inversa | inversi | onderste-boven | ubghom |
backward (in reverse order) [av] | reversem | в противоположную сторону |
rückwärts | malantau~en | achterwaarts | regvworts | |
direct, immediate (with no intermediaries or obstacles) [aj] |
direkte | непосредственный | gerade | rekta, senpera | direkti | rechtstreeks | direct |
serpentine, meandering, convoluted [aj] |
serpenti-she | извилистый | gewunden | serpentuma, serpentanta | sinuosi | sinueus | |
city | urba | город | Stadt | urbo, metropolo | urbe | stad | urb |
village | vilaja | деревня | Dorf | vilagxo, urbeto | vilaje | dorp | village |
rural area, countryside | agralanda | сельская местность | Land | kamparo | rure | platteland | rur |
MOTION | |||||||
source, origin | sursa | источник | Quelle | fonto, origino, deveno | fonte, origine | bron | surce |
route, path, course | dao, ruta | путь, маршрут | Bahn, Weg | vojo | rute, vie | weg, route | paund, drom, itner |
destination | gola | цель | Bestimmung | destino, celo | destinatione | bestemming | destination |
aim (to point/direct X toward Y) [v] | goli | целиться | zielen | celi | ema (= aim at) | mikken | ziel |
attract [v] | atrakti | привлекать | anziehen | allogi, altiri | atrakte | aanlokken | attrag |
avoid, evade, keep away from [v] | eviti | избегать | vermeiden | eviti | evita | vermijden | vergeih |
barrier, obstacle | obstakla | препятствие | Hindernis | baro | bare | hek, hinderpaal | obstacle |
base, node, station (point from which things go or are done) |
basa, stasion | база, станция | Station | bazo | base, statione | honk, base, station | base, station |
bring (cause something to come along with one toward a place) [v] |
bringi | приносить | bringen | alporti, venigi, kunpreni, kunporti |
porta | brengen | brinegh |
capture, seize [v] | kapti | хватать | fangen | kapti, ekkapti [vt] | kapta | vangen | kap |
carry (move while supporting) [v] | porti | нести | tragen | porti | porta | dragen | behr |
come, arrive (at indicated place) [v] | lai, arivi | приходить, прибывать | kommen, ankommen | veni, alveni | veni, ariva | komen | gwehm, arrive |
drift; wander [v] | floti; wandi | дрейфовать; бродить, блуждать |
treiben, wandern | vagi | drifta | dwalen | dreiv, wander |
drive, impel, propel [v] | pushi | толкать, приводить в движение |
antreiben | peli | pusha | aandrijven | pusc, propulg |
emit (to send out any form of matter/energy in any manner) [v] |
emisi, mah-chu | испускать | ausströmen | eligi | emise | uitzenden | emitt |
enter, go into [v] | zin | входить | hereinkommen | eniri, enveni | envada | binnentreden | entre |
escape, flee from [v] | eskapi | убежать, ускользнуть | entgehen | fugxi, eskapi | eskapa | ontvluchten | skap |
fly (move through the air) [v] | flai | летать | fleigen | flugi | vola [?] | vliegen | pleuk |
forward, ahead [av] | avan | вперёд | vorwarts | antau~e(-n) | devanu | voorwaarts | perodh |
gather, collect (bring or come together) [v] |
jami | собирать(ся) | einsammeln | kolekti, kunigi, kunvenigi | kolekte | vergaren [vt], vergaderen | sammel |
go (move from starting point to elsewhere) [v] |
go | идти | gehen | iri | vada | gaan | gwah, eih |
journey, trip, voyage | safara | путешествие, поездка | Fahrt | vojagxo | voyaje | reis | safer |
leave, depart, go away from [v] | departi | отъезжать, уезжать | lassen | foriri, lasi, forlasi [vt] | departa | verlaten | linekw, fortrehc |
load, burden | loda | нагрузка | Ladung | sxargxo | {prob. derived from charja = | last | onos, behrmen |
meet, encounter, come across [v] | miti | встречать(ся) | treffen | renkonti | renkontra | ontmoeten | trehv, incontre |
miss, fail to hit/reach/see etc. [v] | fali | промахнуться; не удаваться |
fehlen | maltrafi | falia | missen, misschieten | miss, leips |
move (engage in motion / cause to engage in motion) [v] |
muvi | двигаться | bewegen | movi [vt] | mova | bewegen, zich bewegen | mov |
put, place, translocate [v] | pon, plasi | положить | stellen | meti, transloki | posi | stellen, zetten | posen, place |
reach, extend as far as [v] | ateni | достигать | reichen | atingi, etendigxi | extense a | bereiken | nak |
release (quit keeping/ restraining) [v] |
lasi | отпускать | entlassen | ellasi, liberigi | liberisa {?} | loslaten | sleu |
remain, stay [v] | resti | оставаться | bleiben | resti [vi] | resta | blijven | (re)man |
repel [v] | repeli | отталкивать, отбрасыва | zurückschlagen, abstossen | forpusxi, repeli (drive back) | repulse | terugdrijven | repulg |
restrain, inhibit, hold back [v] | reteni | удерживать | zurückhalten | inhibicii, bridi, reteni | retena | bedwingen, remmen | dar, enderwaurg |
retrieve, fetch (go to X and bring it back) [v] |
сходить за | holen | reporti | rekupera | terugbrengen | retrehv, van | |
return (go or send back to previous place/condition) [v] |
returni, lai bak | вернуться | zurückkehren | reveni, revenigi, reiri | retrovada, retrosenda | terugkomen, teruggaan | reik |
ride (sit/perch in/on a vehicle/horse/etc. and travel) [v] |
raki | ехать (на чём-л.) | reiten | veturi, rajdi | vehikla | rijden | reid |
roll (move like a ball/cylinder by turning over and over) [v] |
roli | катить, перекатывать | rollen | ruligxi [vi] | rula | rollen | roll |
send, dispatch, transmit [v] | sendi | посылать | senden | sendi | senda | zenden | yeis |
slide, slip, glide [v] | glidi | скользить | gleiten | gliti | glida | uitglijden | sleid |
stretch, extend [v] | extendi | протянуть(ся), вытянуть(ся) |
strecken | etendi | extense | rekken, strekken | extend |
turn, divert (send in a different direction) [v] |
turni | поворачивать | kehren | devojigi, turni [vt] | turna | afwenden | wehrt, touren |
turn, rotate, revolve [v] | roti | вращаться | drehen | turni [vt], turnigxi [vi], (rotacii | turna, rota | draaien | kwehl |
visit [v] | visiti | посещать | besuchen | viziti | visita | bezoeken | visite |
VEHICLES, ETC. | VIKLA | ||||||
airplane, aircraft | avion | самолёт | Flugzeug | aviadilo, aeroplano | avie | luchthaven | plav |
bicycle | bisikla (baik) | велосипед | Fahrrad | biciklo | bisikle | fiets | cip(ed) |
boat | bota | лодка | Boot | boato | bote | boot | boot |
bus | bus | автобус | Bus | au~tobuso, buso {colloquia | omnibuse | autobus | bus |
canal, channel, ditch | kanal, handak | канал; ров, канава | Kanal | kanalo | kanale | kanaal | canal, channel |
car, automobile (wheeled motor vehicle) |
auto | автомобиль | Auto, Wagen | au~tomobilo, au~to {colloq | automobile | auto | auto(mobil), wogh, carr |
cart, carriage, wagon (wheeled vehicle; not self-propelled) | gari, vagon | повозка, телега; вагон; колесница | Karren | vagono, cxaro | chare | wagon | wogh, carr(ett) |
motorcycle | motosikla (moto) | мотоцикл | Motorrad | motorciklo | motorfiets | motorciped | |
port | porta | порт | Hafen | haveno | portu | haven | port |
railroad | ferdao | железная дорога | Eisenbahn | fervojo | relvie, fervie | spoorweg | railvia |
road | kamina | дорога | Weg, Strasse | vojo | vie | landweg | strad, drom |
rocket | raketa | ракета | Rakete | rakedo | rakete | raket | raketa |
ship | ship | корабль | Schiff | sxipo | shipe | schip | nav |
street | gata | улица | Strasse | strato | strade | straat | strad |
train (of railroad) | tren | поезд | Zug | trajno, vagonaro | trene | trein | train |
truck {British: lorry} (motor vehicle for cargo-carrying) |
kamion | грузовик | Lastwagen | kamiono, sxargxau~to | kamione | vrachtauto | onwogh, camion |
vehicle | vikla | транспортное средство | Fahrzug | veturilo | vehikle | voertuig | vehicule |
TIME AND SEQUENCE | TAIM, SEKWO | ВРЕМЯ, ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ | |||||
age
(degree of oldness / youngness) |
yash | возраст | Alter | agxo | aje | leeftijd | iete |
young (of little age; having existed/lived for a brief time) [aj] |
yunge | молодой | jung | juna | yun(i) | jong | yun |
old (of much age; having existed/lived for a long time) [aj] |
lao | старый | alt | maljuna, agxa | old(i), ansieni | oud | veut |
new, novel, recent (having been known for a brief time) [aj] |
nove | новый | neu | nova | nov(i) | nieuw | nov |
old (of long standing; having been known for a long time) [aj] |
lao | старый | alt | malnova | old(i), ansieni | oud | veut |
permanent, perpetual [aj] | permanente, eterne | перманентный, вечный | dauernd | konstanta, nesxangxigxema, dau~ra, cxiama |
permananti, perpetual | bestendig | permanent, perpetual |
constant, invariant, stable [aj] | konstante, stay | постоянный, неизменный | beständig | konstanta, nevarianta, stab | konstanti | standvastig, constant | constant |
temporary, transient [aj] | taimike | временный | zeitweilig | malkonstanta, provizora, portempa |
efemeri {?} | tijdelijk | tsan |
interval (quantity of time between events X and Y) |
interval | интервал | Abstand | intervalo, periodo, intertem | intervale | tussentijd | intervall |
irregular, sporadic, intermittent [aj] |
buregulare | нерегулярный, перемежающийся |
unregalmässig | neregula, foja, sporada, lau | intermitenti, okasional | sporadisch, intermitterend |
irregular |
regular, periodic (at uniform intervals) [aj] |
regulare, periodike | регулярный, периодический |
regalmässig | regula | periodi | regelmatig | regular, periodic |
rhythm | ritma | ритм | Rhythmus | ritmo | ritme | ritmus | rythme |
time (e.g. "do it 3 times"), occasion, instance, iteration |
ves | раз | Mal | fojo | foye {-foy in adverbs, e. g. trifoy = 3 times} |
maal, keer | ker |
again, once more, re- [av] | snova | снова | noch einmal | ree, refoje, denove | altrifoy | weder | iter |
alternate, take turns (do X then Y then X then Y) [v] |
alterni | чередоваться, сменяться |
wechseln | alterni [vi] | alterna | afwisselen | alterne |
cycle (one complete performance of a periodic process) |
sikla | цикл | Periode | ciklo | sikle | cyclus | cycle |
frequency (degree of oftenness or seldomness) |
frekwensa | частота | Häufigkeit | ofteco | frequenteso {*}, frequentitat | frequentie | frequence |
frequently, often [av] | oftem | часто | häufig, oft | ofte | frequentim {*} | vaak | ops |
seldom, rarely [av] | rarem | редко | selten | malofte | rarim {*} | zelden | rar-ye |
duration (amount of time consumed) |
dura | длительность | Dauer, Zeit | dau~ro | {would be formed from dura = to last, endure, continue} |
duur | duren |
long (of much duration) [aj] | longe, longtaim-ney | долгий, длительный | lange | longa, longdau~ra | longitem | langdurig | long; diuturn |
short, brief (of little duration) [aj] | kurte | короткий, недолгий | kurz | mallonga, mallongdau~ra | kurtitem {*} | beknopt, kort | cort, bragv |
gradual [aj] | graduale | постепенный | stufenweise, allmählich | iompostioma, grada, lau~g | gradual | geleidelijk | gradual |
sudden, abrupt [aj] | turan-ney, abrupte | внезапный, резкий | plötzlich | subita | subit(i), abrupti | plotseling | stayg, abrupt |
begin, commence, start [v] | begin, starti | начать; стартовать | anfangen, beginnen | komenci [vt], komencigxi [vi | komensa, starta | beginnen | inkap, start |
continue, keep on doing/being [v] | kontinu, zwo for | продолжать | fortfahren zu ... | dau~rigi [vt], dau~rigxi [vi] | kontinua | voortzetten | continue, na- |
pause, hesitate, suspend action temporarily [v] |
pausi | приостановить | pausieren | pau~zi, heziti | pausa, hesita | pauzeren | pause |
end, conclude, finish [v] | fini | закончить | enden [vi], beended [vt] | fini [vt], finigxi [vi] | fina | eindigen | fineih, end |
cease, stop doing, quit [v] | stopi | прекратить | aufhören | cxesigi [vt], cxesi [vi] | sesa | ophouden | chii |
delay, retard, tarry, postpone [v] | ajorni | отложить; затянуть | verzögern | prokrasti, malrapidigi, mal | tardisa | uitstellen | akhire |
rush, hurry, hasten [v] | hasti | спешить | eilen, beschleunigen | hasti, rapidi | hasta | snellen | hast |
period, era, epoch | perioda, epoka | период, эпоха | Zeitrechnung, Epoche | periodo, epoko | periode, ere, epoke | tijdperk | periode, tid |
moment, an instant | momenta | момент, миг | Augenblick | momento | momente, instante | ogenblik | moment |
always (at all times) [av] | sempre | всегда | immer | cxiam, cxiame | sempre | altijd | semper |
ever (at any time) [av] | enives | когда бы то ни было | jemals | iam ajn | irgitem | ooit | aiw(o) |
never [av] | neva | никогда | nie | neniam | nul(i)tem | nooit | naiw(o) |
time (the dimension/continuum of past-present-future) |
taim | время | Zeit | tempo | tempe | tijd | wakt |
past (the p~), earlier time | pasiwat | прошлое | Vergangenheits | pasinteco, estinteco, iso | verleden | prev | |
present (the present time; the now) |
lo nau | настоящее | Gegenwart | estanteco, nuntempo, nuno | presente | het heden | present |
future (the f~) | futur | будущее | Zukunft | estonteco, oso | future | toekomst | future |
already (prior to the time mentioned) [av] |
yo | уже | schon | jam | ja, anteu | reeds, al | ja |
still, yet (even until the time mentioned) [av] |
haishi | ещё, пока | noch, schon | ankorau~ | ankore | nog | dar; bad |
yesterday [av] | yeri | вчера | Gestern | hierau~ | yer | gisteren | ghes |
today [av] | sedey | сегодня | Heute | hodiau~ | disdi | vandaag | hoyd |
tomorrow [av] | manya | завтра | Morgen | morgau~ | morge | morgen | cras |
long ago (in the far past) [av] | longtaim bak, davem | давно | vor langem | antau~longe | longim anteu {?} | diust | |
recently (in the near past) [av] | nodavem | недавно | vor kurzem | lastatempe, antau~nelonge | resentim | onlangs | nuper |
now (at this time) [av] | nau | теперь | jetzt | nun, nuntempe | nun | nu | nun |
soon (in the near future) [av] | sun | вскоре | bald | baldau~, postnelonge | bald, proxitem | spoedig | mox |
eventually (in the far future) [av] | aften | впоследствии, со временем |
im Laufe der Zeit | forestonte, finfine, postlong | longim aftru {?} | serter | |
early, premature [aj/av] | rane, premature | преждевременный, ранний |
vorzeitig | frua, frue, antau~matura | frui [aj], fruim[av] (= early), prematuri |
vroeg | aus, prematur |
timely, prompt, on time [av/aj] | byen, hao-taim-ney | своевременный | zeitig | gxustatempe [av], gxustate | op de juiste tijd | tid-ye, prompt | |
late, tardy [aj/av] | tarde | запоздалый, поздний | spät | malfrua, malfrue | tardi [aj], tardim [av] | laat | sert |
speed, velocity (degree of fastness or slowness) |
kwaytaa | скорость | Geschwindigkeit | rapideco, velocito | rapideso, rapiditate {*} | snelheid | speud |
quickly, rapidly, swiftly (with much speed) [av] |
kway | быстро | schnell | rapide | rapidim | vlug, snel, gauw | oku |
slowly (with little speed) [av] | lentem | медленно | langsam | malrapide | lentim | langzaam | lent-ye |
series (a number of similar things following one another) |
seria | серия | Reihe | serio | serie | serie, reeks | serie |
sequence, order (temporal arrangement of events in a series) |
sekwa, ordina | последовательность | Reihenfolge | sinsekvo, ordo | ordine | volgorde | sequence, orden |
last, final (after all others) [aj] | laste | последний | letzte | fina, lasta | lasti | laatste | senter/senst |
prior, preceding, previous, contra-next [aj] |
presedi-she | предшествующий | vorhergehend | antau~a | presedant(i) {*} | voorafgaand | preceddent, prever |
next (coming immediately after; "tomorrow" = the next day) [aj] |
sekwi-she, lai-she | следующий | nächste | posta, sekvanta | sekuent(i) | naast | niebst |
season | seson | сезон | Jahreszeit | sezono | sesone | jaargetijde | saison |
spring (the season) | vesna | весна | Frühling | printempo | printempe | lente | (pirm)wer |
summer | saif | лето | Sommer | somero | somre | zomer | lient |
autumn, fall | oton | осень | Herbst | au~tuno | autumne | herfst | osyern |
winter | hima | зима | Winter | vintro | vintre | winter | ghim, winter |
century | sekla | век | Jahrhundert | jarcento, centjaro | sekle, yarsente | eeuw | secule |
year | yar | год | Jahr | jaro | yare | jaar | yar |
month | mes | месяц | Monat | monato | monate {1928}, mensu {193 | maand | munt |
week | wik | неделя | Woche | semajno | semani | week | hevd |
day (24-hour period) | dey | день (сутки) | Tag | tago, tagnokto | die | dag | dien |
date (coordinates of a day given in some timekeeping system) |
datum | дата | Datum | dato | datum | datum | tarikhe |
day (daytime -- as opposed to night), diurnal period |
(luma)dey | день (светлое время) | Tag | tago | jorne | dag | dien |
night | nocha | ночь | Nacht | nokto | nokte | nacht | noct |
morning (dawn to noon) | sabah | утро | Morgen | mateno, antau~tagmezo | matine | morgen | aghyern |
noon | middey | полдень | Mittag | tagmezo | medidie | middag | middien |
afternoon (noon to dusk) | taim afte middey | время после полудня | Nachmittag | postagmezo | namiddag | posmiddien | |
evening (dusk to midnight) | aksham | вечер | abend | vespero | vespre | avond | vesper |
midnight | midnocha | полночь | Mitternacht | noktomezo | medinokte | middernacht | midnoct |
graveyard shift, middle of the night (midnight to dawn) |
taim afte midnocha | время после полуночи | Vormorgen | postnoktomezo {?} | posmidnoct | ||
hour (60 minutes) | ora | час | Uhr | horo | hore | uur | hor |
minute (60 seconds) | minuta | минута | Minute | minuto | minute | minuut | minute |
second (1/60th of a minute) | sekunda | секунда | Sekunde | sekundo | sekunde | seconde | secund |
holiday | festa, bugundey | праздник; выходной | Feiertag | festotago | feste {?} | vacantiedag | fest, feria |
sabbath (day of week with religious significance) |
день отдохновения; шабат |
Sabbat | pregxtago, sabato | sabate | sabbat | ||
wait (for), await [v] | weiti | ждать | warten (auf) | atendi [vt] | varta | wachten (op) | |
SUBSTANCES, MATERIALS | SUBSTANSA, MATERIAL | ВЕЩЕСТВА, МАТЕРИАЛЫ | |||||
air | aira | воздух | Luft | aero | aere | lucht | air |
alcohol | alkohol | алкоголь | Alkohol | alkoholo, alkoholajxo | alkokole | alcohol | alcohol |
ash | pepla | пепел, зола, прах | Asche | cindro | as | asch | |
brass (copper-zinc alloy) | latun | латунь | Messing | latuno | latone | geelkoper | massing, latun |
carbon | karbon | углерод | Kohlenstoff | karbono | karbo | koolstof | carbon |
chalk | kreta | мел | Kreide | kreto | krete | krijt | kreid |
chemical (substance made by or used in chemistry) |
kemike substansa | химикат | Chemikalien | kemiajxo | kemial substantie {?} | chemicaliлn [plur] | chemical |
clay | glina | глина | Ton | argilo | argile | klei | loid |
cloth, fabric (material made of threads) |
kapra | ткань, материя | Stoff, Gewebe | tolo | texatum | doek | woibh |
coal | gual | уголь | Kohle | terkarbo | karbone | kool | ghiul |
copper | kuprum | медь | Kupfer | kupro | kupre | koper | cuper, glaugh |
dirt, earth (tangible), soil | grunta | почва | Erde | grundo | krase | grond | ardh, (di)ghom |
dust | polva | пыль | Staub | polvo | polve | stof | duil |
element (substance of irreducible simplicity) |
elementa | элемент | Urstoff | elemento | elemente | grondstof | element |
fat (oily/greasy material from animal adipose tissue or plant seeds) |
fet | жир | Fett | graso | grasu(m) | vet | smeru, selp |
fuel | jalka | топливо | Brennmaterial | brulajxo | brandstof | fiull | |
glass | glas | стекло | Glas | vitro | vitre | glas | glass |
gold (the precious metal) | golda | золото | Gold | oro | ore | goud | gold |
ice | ais | лёд | Eis | glacio | glasie | ijs | glehdj |
ink | tinta | чернила | Tinte | inko | inke | inkt | tint |
iron | fer | железо | Eisen | fero | fere | ijzer | sider |
jade (the tough green gemstone) | нефрит | Jade | jado | jade, nefriet | jade | ||
jewel, gem | yuwel | драгоценный камень | Juwel | jxuvelo, gemo | juvele | juweel | joyel |
lead (the metal) | plumbum | свинец | Blei | plumbo | plumbe | lood | plumbh |
leather (prepared hide) | piga | кожа (материал) | Leder | ledo | ledre | leer | lieter |
medicine (substance that makes one healthy) |
farmak, lekika | лекарство, медикамент | Medizin | medikamento | medikamente | medicijn | pharmac |
metal | metal | металл | Metall | metalo | metale | metaal | metall |
mineral, ore | mineral; kwanshi | минерал; руда | Mineral, Erz | mineralo; erco | minerale | mineraal | ruyd, charp |
mud | kicha | грязь | Schlamm | koto | mude | slijk | mudh, slamm |
neon | neon | неон | Neon | neono | neon | neon | |
nitrogen | nitrogen | азот | Stickstoff | nitrogeno | nitrogene | stikstof | nitrogen |
oil (a combustible fatty liquid that will not mix with water) |
olea | масло | öl | oleo | olie | olie | ol |
oil (crude oil), petroleum | nafta | нефть | Erdöl | nafto, kruda petrolo | petrolie | petroleum | naft |
oxygen | oxigen | кислород | Sauerstoff | oksigeno | oxe, oxigene | zuurstof | oxygen |
paint | pinta | краска | Farbe | farbo | verf | poig | |
paper | papir | бумага | Papier | papero | papere | papier | papier |
plastic (synthetic/processed moldable material) |
plastik | пластмасса | Kunststoff | plastiko | {As the dictionary was comp | plastic | plastic |
poison, toxin | toxin | яд | Gift | veneno | venene | vergif | poison, toxin |
potassium | kalium | калий | Kalium | kalio | kali(um) | kalium | potassium, kalium |
quartz | kwarza | кварц | Quarz | kvarco | quartse | kwarts | quartz |
rock, stone | ston | камень | Stein | sxtono | petre (substance), stone (in | steen, rots | petra |
rubber | guma | резина | Gummi | kau~cxuko | kauchuke | rubber | cauchouk |
salt | solta | соль | Salz | salo | sale | zout | sald |
sand | ramla | песок | Sand | sablo | sande | zand | sand |
silk | silka | шёлк | Seide | silko | silke | zijde | silk |
silver (the metal) | argenta | серебро | Silber | argxento | arjente | zilver | argwrnt |
soap | sabun | мыло | Seife | sapo | sapone | zeep | sapun |
sodium | natrium | натрий | Natrium | natrio | natrium | natrium | natrium |
steam | vapor | пар | Dampf | vaporo | stime, vapore | stoom | steum |
steel | stal | сталь | Stahl | sxtalo | stale | staal | stal |
sulfur | sulfa | сера | Schwefel | sulfuro | sulfre | zwavel | swelpel |
tar (dark viscous liquid obtained by destructive distillation) |
katran | гудрон | Teer | gudro | asfalte {?} | teer | katran |
tin (the metal) | tin | жесть | Zinn | stano | stane | tin | stin |
water | akwa | вода | Wasser | akvo | aque | water | wed; aqua |
wax | waxa | воск | Wachs | vakso | vaxe | was | wox |
wood (the substance) | ligna | девесина | Holz | ligno | ligne | hout | dreu |
wool | mao | шерсть | Wolle | lano | lane | wol | wuln(a) |
FOODSTUFFS, ETC. | FAN | ЕДА | |||||
beer | bira | пиво | Bier | biero | bire | bier | bir(a) |
bitter [aj] | karwe | горький | bitter, streng | amara | bitri | bitter | bitter |
bread | pan | хлеб | Brot | pano | pane | brood | dvan |
butter | nayu | масло слив. | Butter | butero | butre | boter | butter |
cheese | kes | сыр | Käse | fromagxo | kese | kaas | caise |
chocolate | shokolat | шоколад | Schokolade | cxokolado | chokolate | chocolade | chocolat |
flavor, taste | gusta | вкус | Geschmack | gusto | guste | smaak | gust |
flour (grain-powder) | farina | мука | Mehl | faruno | farine | meel | melv |
food | fan | пища | Essen | mangxajxo, nutrajxo | manjaje | voedsel | pieut |
honey | madu | мёд | Honig | mielo | honie | honing | mielt |
milk | milka | молоко | Milch | lakto | milke | melk | mehlg |
pasta, noodles | makaron | макароны | Nudeln | pastajxoj | {probably would translate as | meelprodukt | bakmie |
pizza | pitsa | пицца | Pizza | pico | pizza | ||
salad | salata | салат | Salat | salato | salade | salade | salade |
sandwich | sandwich | бутерброт | Sandwich | sandvicxo | sandwich | sandwich | |
sausage | sosis, sosiskin | колбаса, сосиска | Wurst, Würstchen | kolbaso, kolbaseto | sosise | worst | sossiss |
soup | sup | суп | Suppe | supo | supe | soep | soup |
sour [aj] | suan | кислый | säuerlich | acida | asidi | zuur | sour |
spice, seasoning | masala | приправа | Gewürtz | spico | spise | specerij, kruiderij | spis |
sugar | sukra | сахар | Zucker | sukero | sukre | suiker | suker |
sweet [aj] | dolche | сладкий | süss | dolcxa | dolsi | zoet | swadh |
vinegar | vinegra | уксус | Essig | vinagro | vinegre | azijn | acete |
wine | vino | вино | Wein | vino | vine | wijn | vin |
FORMS OF MATTER | FORMA | ФОРМЫ | |||||
arch | arka | дуга; арка | Bogen | arko | arke | boog, gewelf | arche |
band, tape, flat strip | banda | лента; повязка | Band | bendo, strio | ribande, bende | band | bande, strei, teip |
block (solid flat-surfaced mass of material) |
blok | блок | Block, Klotz | bloko | bloke | blok | block |
branch (small part going out from main part) |
brancha | ветка | Zweig | brancxo | branche | tak | ozd; branche |
bump, protrusion | balja | выпуклость, шишка, округлый выступ, бугорок |
Beule | sxvelajxo, tubero (on a living thing) |
buil | grumb | |
card (stiff rectangle of material) | karta | карточка | Karte | karto | karte | kaart | carte |
circle | sirkula | круг | Kreis | cirklo | sirkle | cirkel | circule |
roll | rolika | свёрток, рулон | Rolle | volvajxo | bocht, klos | roll; mudra | |
cone | konus | конус | Kegel, Konus | konuso | kone | kegel, conus | cone |
crack, fissure | krek | трещина | Spalte, Riss | fendo | kraak | bidno | |
cross (perpendicular intersection of linear items) |
kros | крест | Kreuz | kruco | krose | kruis | cruce |
crystal | kristal | кристалл | Kristall | kristalo | kristale | kristal | cristall |
cube | kub | куб | Würfel | kubo | kube | kubus | cube |
curve | kurva | кривая | Kurve | kurbo | kurve | kromme | kehmb, curve |
cylinder | silinder | цилиндр | Zylinder | cilindro | cilinder | cylinder | |
dent, nick, indentation | hakimarka, holika, yamakin |
зарубка; углубление, вмятина, выемка | Kerbe | kaveto, nocxo | noche | deuk | gherb |
disk, disc | diska | диск | Scheibe, Platte | disko | diske | schijf, discus | disk |
drop (of liquid) | guta | капля | Tropfen | guto | gute | druppel | ghutt |
film (very thin layer) | pelikula | плёнка, тонкий слой | Schicht, Häutchen | tavolo | filme | vlies | pellicule |
flared (opening up or spreading out from axis) [aj] |
kel fa-chaure | идущий раструбом, расширяющийся |
glockenförmig Ding, Bausch |
largxigxajxo | klokken, uitstaan | plohder(-t/-n) | |
foam, froth | skuma | пена | Schaum | sxau~mo | skume | schuim | skum |
form, shape | forma | форма | Form, Gestalt | formo | forme | vorm | forme, skeip |
furrow, rut, groove | fora | борозда, колея | Furche, Rinne | sulko | kanele | voor, groef | pehrk |
garbage, trash, rubbish | laza | мусор, сор | Müll, Abfälle | rubajxo, forjxetindajxoj | afval | kakwrnt | |
gas | gas | газ | Gas | gaso | gase | gas | gas |
helix (any corkscrew-shaped object) |
vinta | винт, винтообразный предмет |
Schraube, korkenzieherförmig Ding |
helico | helise | spiraal(lijn) | schrub |
hole | dun | дыра | Loch | truo | tru(e) | gat | torm |
jelly (gelatinous semi-solid material), gel |
jelee, gel | желе, гель | Gallerte | gelateno, gxelo | jeli | gelei | gelee, gel |
juice (fluid extracted from something) |
jus | сок | Saft | suko | suke | sap | juce |
layer | sloy | слой | Lage, Schicht | tavolo | strate | laag | lyegher, schikht |
line (series of contiguous points) | linia | линия | Linie | linio | linie | lijn | ligne |
liquid | likwa | жидкость | Flüssigkeit | likvajxo | liquidu(m) | vloeistof | liquid |
loop, circuit, closed curve | lup | петля, замкнутая кривая | Schlinge, Kreislauf | masxo, cirkvito | kringloop | spang | |
lump, clod, blob, piece of no particular shape |
tuan | ком, комок; сгусток | Klumpen | bulo | lumpe | bonk | schtuk; grunz |
mark (visible traces left behind) | marka | метка | Spur | spuro, marko | marke | merk | mark |
matter, material, substance | materia; material | материя, вещество; материал |
Stoff, Materie | materio, materialo | materie | stof, materie | materia; material |
object (concrete tangible thing) | obyekta | предмет | Objekt | ajxo, objekto | objekte | voorwerp | object |
opening, orifice | ofnitura | отверстие | öffnung | aperturo | aperture | opening | ghyanen, orifice |
oval, ellipse | oval | овал, эллипс | Oval | ovalo, elipso | oval(i) [aj] {n is probably "ov | ovaal, eirond | oval |
parallel [aj] | paralele | параллельный | parallel | paralela | paralel(i) | evenwijdig, parallel | parallel |
paste (any thick soft dough-like material) |
pasta | паста | Paste, Brei, Teig | pasto, kremajxo | paste | deeg, stijfsel | paste, doigh |
pattern (apparent systematic interrelationship) |
model | образец | Muster | modelo | patroon, dessin | model | |
pile, heap, stack of things or of a substance |
monton | куча, груда | Haufen | amaso | amase | hoop | kowp |
plane (flat surface) | plana | плоскость | Ebene, Fläche | ebenajxo, platajxo | planu(m) | vlak | plan, plieske |
plug, seal, stopper | stoper | затычка | Pfropfen, Stöpsel | sxtopilo | tampone | prop | stopper, corc |
powder | puda | порошок | Pulver | pulvoro | pulvre | poeder | pulver |
pyramid | piramida | пирамида | Pyramide | piramido | piramide | piramide | pyramide |
ray | ray | луч | Strahl | radio | radie | straal | strehl; speic |
rectangle | rektangula | прямоугольник | Rechteck | rektangulo | rektangule | rechthoek | rectangle |
ring, torus | halka | кольцо | Ring | ringo | ringe | ring | ring |
rust, corrosion | ruja | ржавчина | Rost, ätzen | rusto | ruste | roest | rust |
scratch | skrapa | царапина | Kratzer | gratajxo | grata | schram | grobos |
sheath | dan | ножны | Scheide | ingo | schede | kardkasch | |
sheet (thin rectangle of paper/cloth/etc.) |
lif | лист | Laken | lameno, folio | lame (metal) | laken | schid |
shower, sprinkle | dush | душ | Schauer, Dusche | dusxo, pluveto | douche, bui | dusch, vehrs | |
smoke | fum | дым | Rauch | fumo | fume | rook | dum |
solid (not a gas or liquid) | twerdika | твёрдое тело | Körper | solidajxo | solid(i) [aj] {n is probably "so | solid | |
sphere | sfera, globa | сфера, шар | Kugel, Sphäre | sfero | sfere | sfeer | sphere |
spike, barb, cleat, thorn | spika | шип; острый выступ, колючка |
Stachel, Spitze, Dorn | pikilo, dorno | spike, dorne | weerhaak, doorn, stekel | ak |
spiral, whorl | spiral | спираль | Spirale, Wirbel | spiralo, kirlajxo | spiraal | spiral | |
square | kwadra | квадрат | Quadrat, Viereck | kvadrato | quadrate | vierkant | quadrat |
stripe | stripa | полоса | Streifen | strio | strie | streep | strei |
surface | surfas | поверхность | Oberfläche | suprajxo, surfaco | surfase | oppervlakte | surface |
swelling, inflation | puhlika | припухлость, вздутие | Schwellung | sxvelajxo | inflatione | gezwel | engu |
tapered (becoming narrower toward an end) [aj] |
kel fa-tange | клиновидный, сходящий на конус |
spitz zulaufen [v] | malvastigxo, mallargxigxajx | tapsheid | dospic(-t/-en) | |
thread, filament | filu | нить | Faden, Faser | fadeno | file | garen | siuol, filament |
triangle | triangula | треугольник | Dreieck | triangulo | driehoek | triangle | |
wave | onda | волна | Welle | ondo | onde | golf | voln |
wedge | kunya | клин | Keil | kojno | kunee | wig | wogwn |
wrinkle, crease | ruga | складка, морщина | Runzel | falto, sulketo | ruge | rimpel, plooi | raug |
MATTER-RELATED QUALITIES | |||||||
flat, planar [aj] | plate | плоский | flach, platt | plata | plan(i) | vlak | plat |
level, even (on the same level) [aj] |
plane | ровный | eben, waagerecht | ebena | plan(i) | vlak, waterpas | aykwost |
smooth [aj] | glate | гладкий | glatt | glata | glati | glad | sliv, glat |
rough, coarse, contra-smooth [aj] | karke | шероховатый, шершавый, грубый |
rauh, grob | malglata | rud(i) | ruw | rug |
straight (not bent) [aj] | rekte | прямой | gerade | rekta | rekt(i) | recht | rect |
bent [aj] | kurve | кривой | gebeugt | malrekta, kurbigita | curvi [= curved, bent] | gebogen | kehmb |
pure, unadulterated, uncontaminated [aj] |
pure | чистый, без примесей | rein | pura | pur(i) | zuiver | pur |
clean [aj] | klin | чистый | sauber | pura, neta | schoon | kiest | |
dirty, contra-clean [aj] | gande | грязный | schmutzig | malpura | sordid(i) | vuil | murdar |
open (not shut) [aj] | ofni-ney | открытый | geöffnet | malfermita, nefermita, aper | aperti | open | ghyan(-t/-en) |
closed, shut [aj] | klosi-ney | закрытый | verschliessen | fermita | klosat(i) | gesloten | clus/cluden |
wet [aj] | mokre | мокрый | nass | malseka | nat | madh | |
dry [aj] | suhe | сухой | trocken | seka | sik(i) | droog | siuk |
sharp, keen, pointy, acute [aj] | agude | острый | scharf | akra, akuta | akut(i) | scherp | ak(ut) |
dull, blunt (of little sharpness) [aj] | tupe | тупой | stumpf | malakra, malakuta | obtus(i) | stomp | stup |
soft, malleable, yielding to pressure [aj] |
mole | мягкий | weich, hämmerbar | mola | mol(i) | zacht | mol |
hard, firm, resistant to pressure [aj] |
twerde | твёрдый | hart, fest | malmola, dura | solid(i) | hard | kaurd |
flexible (easily able to bend) [aj] | flexibile | гибкий, гнущийся | biegsam | fleksebla, nerigida | flektindi {*} | buigzaam, soepel | flexible |
stiff, rigid [aj] | rigide | жёсткий, негнущийся | starr, steif |